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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does the "artificer" represent in Hegel's philosophy?
(a) The artificer represents the light of the Absolute shining into the consciousness.
(b) The artificer represents the manifestation of Absolute Mind.
(c) The artificer represents constant artistic self-reinvention.
(d) The artificer represents thought combined with action upon reality.

2. How does Virtue manifest Reason in a society according to Hegel?
(a) Through public rituals.
(b) Through work.
(c) Through works of art.
(d) Through public and private acts.

3. What does conceit cause according to Hegel?
(a) Impure motives and perversions.
(b) Bad faith.
(c) Self-awareness.
(d) Individuality.

4. According to Hegel, what has Absolute Spirit developed into in the "beautiful soul"?
(a) The Absolute Spirit has disappeared as the beautiful soul manifests its own unique spirit.
(b) The Absolute Spirit has become a part of nature.
(c) The Absolute Spirit has become a functioning state of consciousness.
(d) The Absolute Spirit has become a tool for discerning truth.

5. What is the center of moral life according to Hegel?
(a) Love.
(b) Work.
(c) Spirit.
(d) Duty.

6. According to Hegel's philosophy, what will lead people to the goal of Absolute self-conscious Spirit?
(a) Orthodox religion.
(b) Art and ritual.
(c) Self-awareness in nations.
(d) A combination of history and science.

7. What does Hegel describe as the theatre for ethical choices?
(a) History.
(b) The Mind.
(c) Daily life.
(d) The universe.

8. What is it about art that reveals religion in Hegel's view?
(a) Balanced symmetries of form.
(b) Human work.
(c) Sacred inspiration.
(d) Devoted craftsmanship.

9. In Hegel's opinion, what is superstition based on?
(a) Inadequate knowledge.
(b) Transcendent experience.
(c) Spiritual intuition.
(d) Universal Mind.

10. In Hegel's philosophy, enlightenment is superior to stages of development that are associated with what?
(a) History.
(b) Prophets.
(c) Individuality.
(d) Philosophies.

11. How does Hegel define the self at the higher level of consciousness?
(a) As "that which finds itself in everything.
(b) As "that which is perceiving what is."
(c) As "that which is always in exile.
(d) As "that which sees things in the true light of spirit.

12. What is the father of science in Hegel's opinion?
(a) Nature.
(b) Philosophy.
(c) Consciousness.
(d) Necessity.

13. How does Hegel describe the divine in its initial stage?
(a) External.
(b) Theoretical.
(c) Limited.
(d) Internal.

14. According to Hegel, what is the element of self-consciousness closest to the Absolute?
(a) Work.
(b) Duty.
(c) Spirit.
(d) Religion.

15. What does Hegel prepare for his readers in the last chapter?
(a) A history of consciousness.
(b) A map of the terrain ahead.
(c) A theory of science.
(d) A theory of art.

Short Answer Questions

1. What in Hegel's view does individuality gain when it finds itself after being lost to the public order?

2. What does Insight cause people to find according to Hegel?

3. What do contradictory elements lead to according to Hegel?

4. Why does Hegel say that "property" is superior to "no property"?

5. What was Hegel's dread of death influenced by?

(see the answer keys)

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