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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many years does it take to build the locks?

2. Panama Patchwork is a publication by James Stanley Gilbert containing what?

3. In the fall of 1902 as discussions of Canal Zone sovereignty reach a critical point, civil war erupts on the Isthmus and Theodore Roosevelt takes what action?

4. At the peak of U.S. work, on any given day, how many steam shovels were operating in the Cut?

5. What is the focus of attention in the final stages?

Short Essay Questions

1. Where does David McCullough get his subtitle for Chapter 12?

2. What does George Washington Goethals do after the canal is completed?

3. What are some of the critical points of the Hay- Herran Treaty ratified by the Senate 73-5 on March 17, 1903?

4. What is the design of the largest moving part of the canal system?

5. What is traffic like following opening of the canal?

6. What is Panama's social structure like?

7. What is the social life like in Panama for canal workers during Goethals' time?

8. How is it the U.S. must come to grips with Article 35 of the Bidack Treaty in regard to Panama?

9. What became of Phillippee Banau-Varilla?

10. Rather than shutting the project down, what are some of the thing implemented by the authoritative new chairman of the ICC, Theodore Perry Shonts?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The Panama Canal is built under three American presidents: Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. Who can be given the most credit for U.S. success there? What actions or efforts, before, during, or after their time in office, substantiate your position in selecting one over the other two?

Essay Topic 2

In 1884, at age 26, Phillippe Banau-Varilla is put in charge of operations at the Culebra and Pacific end of the Panama Canal. When the director general and his assistant resign, Banau-Varilla becomes acting head of the Panama project until 1886. Why do they place so young an individual in such important leadership positions? What education and experience does he have? How well is he able to perform? What happens when a permanent director general arrives? Where does Banau-Varilla go?

Essay Topic 3

No scandal in France surrounding the liquidation of Compagnie Universelle reportedly would have taken place except for Ydouard Drumont's publication of "La France Juive" in 1886. What is it about these articles that caused such a commotion? Are the allegations therein true? Why is there no previous complaint? Is there any connection between his writings and his imprisonment for libel?

(see the answer keys)

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