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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Theodore Roosevelt times his visit to experience it when?

2. Who pays Colombia $25 million in indemnities in 1925?

3. What is the focus of attention in the final stages?

4. Crews respond by competing how to top the published excavation statistics?

5. What does Theodore Roosevelt stress in his autobiography as to his action in Panama?.

Short Essay Questions

1. Where does David McCullough get his subtitle for Chapter 12?

2. What is it about May 4, 1904, that makes it a significant date in the history of the Canal Zone?

3. Which of the three presidents that the Panama Canal is built under is most crucial to it?

4. What critical event can be associated with Theodore Roosevelt and the date of January 4, 1904?

5. On what issue in the Canal Zone does Theodore Roosevelt place his utmost priority?

6. What became of Phillippee Banau-Varilla?

7. What are some of the critical points of the Hay- Herran Treaty ratified by the Senate 73-5 on March 17, 1903?

8. George Washington Goethals did not have the easy way with people as his predecessor John Stevens did, so what steps did he take for effective leadership?

9. What is traffic like following opening of the canal?

10. What is Panama's social structure like?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

David McCullough reports that the second Hay-Pauncefote Treaty is the most important of Theodore Roosevelt's presidency. Why does Roosevelt disapprove of the initial treaty? How does he demonstrate his objections? Why does Roosevelt state he is "delighted" by the November 18, 1901 signing of the revised treaty?

Essay Topic 2

Ferdinand de Lesseps was successful in getting the Suez Canal completed in ten years. Why was Compagnie Universelle attempt in the Panama a failure? What factors that he has control over does he fail to address? What matters are out of his hands? Hindsight is 20/20, but what should he have done differently? Was there any way for de Lesseps to pull Panama off successfully?

Essay Topic 3

David McCullough notes in his initial chapter that all early 19th-century canal plans are preposterous. Every survey is flawed due to assumptions and inaccurate data. Yet the Suez Canal was successfully opening on November 1869, after ten years of construction. It is twice as long as the Panama Canal, which did not open until 1914. Actual work on the Panama did not start until 1880, a decade following the Suez opening. Central America afforded at least 19 possible locations to select from. Explain what causes so many problems in constructing the Panama Canal. What took so long? Why was there such a lengthy battle in Washington? What caused the loss of so many lives?

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