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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When is the Hay-Herran Treaty signed?

2. When Josy Vincente Concha resigns in nervous exhaustion, he is replaced by career diplomat Tomas Herran, fluent in English and popular in Washington, and Herran proves to be what?

3. What is the main issue impeding fumigation in U.S. facilities?

4. William Cromwell, on June 13, 1903, leaks to the New York World paper he had a talk with Theodore Roosevelt about recognizing a secessionist Republic of Panama should what continue?

5. What is the key to the lock enterprise?

Short Essay Questions

1. What critical event can be associated with Theodore Roosevelt and the date of January 4, 1904?

2. Which of the three presidents that the Panama Canal is built under is most crucial to it?

3. Rather than shutting the project down, what are some of the thing implemented by the authoritative new chairman of the ICC, Theodore Perry Shonts?

4. George Washington Goethals did not have the easy way with people as his predecessor John Stevens did, so what steps did he take for effective leadership?

5. What takes place in early 1907 that seals John Stevens' fate as chief engineer?

6. What became of Phillippee Banau-Varilla?

7. What is traffic like following opening of the canal?

8. What is the design of the largest moving part of the canal system?

9. Why is the initial Chief Engineer, John F. Wallace, let go?

10. What is it about May 4, 1904, that makes it a significant date in the history of the Canal Zone?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What is social life like in the Canal Zone in the latter half of the construction period? Has the war on pestilence and disease been effective? What is offered to prompt individuals to come to Panama, or bring their families? What is the cost of living in Panama like? What social events are available to employees after work hours?

Essay Topic 2

David McCullough notes in his initial chapter that all early 19th-century canal plans are preposterous. Every survey is flawed due to assumptions and inaccurate data. Yet the Suez Canal was successfully opening on November 1869, after ten years of construction. It is twice as long as the Panama Canal, which did not open until 1914. Actual work on the Panama did not start until 1880, a decade following the Suez opening. Central America afforded at least 19 possible locations to select from. Explain what causes so many problems in constructing the Panama Canal. What took so long? Why was there such a lengthy battle in Washington? What caused the loss of so many lives?

Essay Topic 3

The Panama Canal is built under three American presidents: Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. Who can be given the most credit for U.S. success there? What actions or efforts, before, during, or after their time in office, substantiate your position in selecting one over the other two?

(see the answer keys)

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