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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Lieutenant Colonel William Crawford Gorgas, despite opposition from bureaucrats, maintains the biggest challenge is what?
(a) Accepting a lock vice a sea-level plan.
(b) The massive amount of paperwork required by Washington.
(c) Getting rid of what is dug from the canal.
(d) Conquering yellow fever and malaria.

2. At the peak of U.S. work, on any given day, how many steam shovels were operating in the Cut?
(a) 30-40.
(b) 15-25.
(c) 50-60.
(d) 80-90.

3. Manuel Amador looking to improve sanitation and end centuries of plague, invests what amount of U.S. $10 million payment into urgent public works projects?
(a) $3 million.
(b) $4 million.
(c) $2 million.
(d) $1 million.

4. William Cromwell, on June 13, 1903, leaks to the New York World paper he had a talk with Theodore Roosevelt about recognizing a secessionist Republic of Panama should what continue?
(a) Colombia not dealing fairly with Chile.
(b) Colombia ignoring Panama's king.
(c) Colombia being greedy.
(d) Nicaragua sending forces into Panama.

5. When does the Pacific fleet pass through the Panama Canal relative to Theodore Roosevelt's death, and does he view it?
(a) Just months before Theodore Roosevel's death, he does not.
(b) Several years before Theodore Roosevelt's death, he does.
(c) Just months following Theodore Roosevelt's death, he cannot.
(d) Just weeks before Theodore Roosevelt's death, he does not.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the focus of attention in the final stages?

2. For an overall view of the Gatun dam site, Theodore Roosevelt races up the hillside and takes a look, and then the most famous moment of his trip takes place when Roosevelt does what?

3. In the fall of 1902 as discussions of Canal Zone sovereignty reach a critical point, civil war erupts on the Isthmus and Theodore Roosevelt takes what action?

4. When Phillippe Banau-Varilla resigns as Panamanian envoy, resumes publishing Le Matin, and asks the salary due him be reserved to build a monument to whom?

5. Who serves as quartermaster general during World War I, finishes his career on Wall Street, and is buried at West Point in 1928?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are some of the critical points of the Hay- Herran Treaty ratified by the Senate 73-5 on March 17, 1903?

2. What is Panama's social structure like?

3. What does George Washington Goethals do after the canal is completed?

4. What would be an accurate description of John Stevens, the second chief engineer in Panama?

5. On what issue in the Canal Zone does Theodore Roosevelt place his utmost priority?

6. Rather than shutting the project down, what are some of the thing implemented by the authoritative new chairman of the ICC, Theodore Perry Shonts?

7. What is the design of the largest moving part of the canal system?

8. What is the social life like in Panama for canal workers during Goethals' time?

9. What critical event can be associated with Theodore Roosevelt and the date of January 4, 1904?

10. What is occurring during the initial stage of U.S. efforts in Panama that culminates in a 1905 event?

(see the answer keys)

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