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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. At the peak of U.S. work, on any given day, how many steam shovels were operating in the Cut?
(a) 15-25.
(b) 50-60.
(c) 80-90.
(d) 30-40.

2. Who serves as quartermaster general during World War I, finishes his career on Wall Street, and is buried at West Point in 1928?
(a) John Findley Wallace.
(b) John Stevens.
(c) Theodore Perry Shonts.
(d) George W. Goethals.

3. For American tourists crowding trains, as impressive as they find the Gatun Dam, locks, and Culebra Cut, what gives them the greatest patriotic pride?
(a) "Vanquishing of pestilence."
(b) Connecting the massive Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico.
(c) Greatest manmade structure to date.
(d) Completing a task decades in the making.

4. How have George W. Goethals' successors followed his aesthetic and military decision by allowing the jungle to get how close to the shore?
(a) Maintain a 25-meter barrier.
(b) Return to the shore.
(c) Maintain a 100-meter barrier.
(d) Maintain a 50-meter barrier.

5. In a 1911 University of California Berkeley speech, former President Theodore Roosevelt gets laughs and applause when he maintains what?
(a) It was not initiating the canal that was the problem, it was seeing it through.
(b) He did not go back to Panama because they would not let him drive another steam shovel.
(c) The canal would not have started if he followed normal legislative channels.
(d) The canal started because he followed normal legislative channels.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many times does Theodore Roosevelt return to Panama to see the canal?

2. Who orders commissaries established immediately, even if this will violate agreements with Panama?

3. Who lives to read about the opening of the Panama Canal in their quiet retirements?

4. A worker dies of bubonic plague on July 3, 1905, and William Crawford Gorgas immediately orders a campaign to eradicate what?

5. John Walker does not accept the mosquito theory and insists the solution is what?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why is Colonel William Crawford Gorgas sent to Panama?

2. What is Panama's social structure like?

3. On what issue in the Canal Zone does Theodore Roosevelt place his utmost priority?

4. George Washington Goethals did not have the easy way with people as his predecessor John Stevens did, so what steps did he take for effective leadership?

5. What takes place in early 1907 that seals John Stevens' fate as chief engineer?

6. What does George Washington Goethals do after the canal is completed?

7. Why is the initial Chief Engineer, John F. Wallace, let go?

8. What critical event can be associated with Theodore Roosevelt and the date of January 4, 1904?

9. What is historically significant for Panama about January 15, 1904?

10. What are some of the critical points of the Hay- Herran Treaty ratified by the Senate 73-5 on March 17, 1903?

(see the answer keys)

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