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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Secretary of State William Evarts agrees to send Admiral Daniel Ammen and A. G. Menocal to the 1879 Paris Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique in what capacity?
(a) Diplomatic functionaries, Ammen a military role and Menocal a civilian.
(b) Authorized delegates, not diplomatic functionaries.
(c) Diplomatic functionaries, not authorized voting delegates.
(d) Official Navy Department observers, not authorized delegates.

2. Upon their arrival in Panama in late 1879, Ferdinand de Lesseps and his group take the train into the jungle and enter the valley of what wide, brown, looping waterway?
(a) Panama River.
(b) Rio Obispo.
(c) Chagres River.
(d) Rio Grande.

3. Based on various exploratory expeditions through 1875, at least how many points in Central America are determined to be sufficiently narrow to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans?
(a) 7.
(b) 19.
(c) 3.
(d) 12.

4. On May 2, 1902, the second key swaying event following the Morgan Committee reports is Mount Pelye exploding on Martinique; how far away and how many killed?
(a) 1,500 miles from Nicaragua, 30,000 killed.
(b) 3,000 miles from Nicaragua, 15,000 killed.
(c) 150 miles from Nicaragua, 3,000 killed.
(d) 1,500 miles from Nicaragua, 3,000 killed.

5. A Saint Gotthard Tunnel engineer, Ribourt, warned the 1879 Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique that, even 24 hours a day, the Wyse plan including a tunnel would take how long?
(a) No less than 10 years.
(b) No less than 11 years.
(c) Noless than 7 years.
(d) No less than 9 years.

6. Theodore Roosevelt is in what position when he initially thrusts himself into shaping policy for an American canal?
(a) Governor of New York.
(b) Former president.
(c) Governor of North Dakota.
(d) President.

7. Which delegate to the 1879 Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique in Paris takes into consideration the deadly climate of Panama?
(a) Vice Admiral Clement Baron de La Ronciere-Le Noury.
(b) Baron Nicholas-Joseph-Adolphe Godin de Lepinay.
(c) Francisco Lopez de Gomara.
(d) Jules Quesnay de Beaurepaire.

8. While dredging predominates in the lowlands, steam shovels, picks, shovels, and what else are key in the uplands?
(a) Dump trucks.
(b) Railway cars.
(c) Horses and wagons.
(d) Wheelbarrows.

9. French engineers at Panama look on American colleagues as merely adroit at improvisation, but find making do with what is available under pressure difficult and that Suez was too easy, as warned by whom?
(a) Armand Rycus.
(b) Gaston Blanchet.
(c) A. G. Menocal.
(d) Baron de Lypinay.

10. Which investigative group of the Panama Affair holds 63 sessions, receives 158 depositions, complies over 1,000 dossiers, but issues a report that embarrasses no colleagues?
(a) Panama Investigative Committee.
(b) Committee of Thirty-Three.
(c) Compagnie Universelle Investigatie Committee.
(d) De Lesseps Investigative Committee.

11. The cream of the crop of 19th-century French engineers are trained at what two institutions (the most brilliant at the former, and only its top graduates at the latter)?
(a) Ycole des Ponts et Paris and Ycole Polytechnic et Chausyes.
(b) Universite Polytechnique et Paris and Ycole des Ponts et Chausyes.
(c) Ycole des Ponts et Chausyes and Ycole Polytechnique.
(d) Ycole Polytechnique and Ycole des Ponts et Chausyes.

12. The United States is granted exclusive right of transit across the Isthmus of Panama upon the signing of what document with Colombia in 1846?
(a) The Atlantic and Pacific Accord.
(b) The Panama Canal Charter.
(c) The Panamanian Isthmus Pact.
(d) The Bidlack Treaty.

13. According to newspapers, why does Le-Shu-Chang receive the longest applause when the opportunity to rise for recognition at the 1879 Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique comes?
(a) Because China was expected to provide the labor to dig the canal.
(b) China was recognized for constructing the large dams and the Great Wall by engineers.
(c) China was recognized for constructng the 999-room palace in Lhasa, Tibet.
(d) The Chinese delegation had come the farthest distance.

14. Completed after ten years of construction in 1869, what is the significant engineering feat that shortens the trek from Europe to India by some 5,800 miles around the Horn of Africa?
(a) The Suez Canal.
(b) The Orient Express.
(c) The Suez Highway.
(d) The European-East Asian Transcontinental Highway.

15. In just over a decade in Panama, the French spend $287 million and expend how many lives?
(a) Some 12,000.
(b) Some 32,000 lives.
(c) Some 42,000 lives.
(d) Some 22,000.

Short Answer Questions

1. Going past Panama swamp in late 1879, Ferdinand de Lesseps and others reach a huge, iron bridge washed out by the worst recorded flood at Barbacoas, so they cross the river how to board another train?

2. An initial stock offering after the1879 Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique goes poorly, so Ferdinand de Lesseps gives back investors' funds, has another issue offered, and declares what?

3. What are the three main routes from the East to the West coasts of the U.S. in January of 1848, when gold is discovered in California?

4. What does the public prosecutor, Jules Quesnay de Beaurepaire, propose in October 1892?

5. Some mortality estimates go up to 75% among French immigrants and beds are reported to be at such a premium that the dying have been placed where?

(see the answer keys)

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