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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who is installed as Director General of the entire Panama project by Charles de Lesseps to replace Pillipe Bunau-Varilla in mid-1885?
(a) J. C. Rodrigues.
(b) Henri Marechal.
(c) Paul Leroy-Beaulieu.
(d) Lyon Boyer.

2. On March 10, 1902, the Morgan Committee reports out the Hepburn Bill favorably, recommending what?
(a) 9-2 a Panama canal.
(b) 6-5 a Panama canal.
(c) 7-4 a Nicaragua canal.
(d) 10-1 a Nicaragua canal.

3. What is U.S. delegate Admiral Ammen's view of the American canal plan, given at the 1879 Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique, with a 1,900 foot viaduct over the Chagres River, 12 locks at each end, and costing $94.6 million?
(a) Believes the cost estimate could be lowered somewhat.
(b) Declares the whole thing impractical.
(c) States it requires only minor modifications.
(d) Supports the proposal wholeheartedly.

4. Ferdinand de Lesseps briefly speaks at the Technical Commission's initial business session on January 6, 1880, then leaves it to rubber stamp what he wants in a 300-page report calling for what?
(a) Sea-level canal, Rio Grande dam, and Pacific tidal lock and breakwater.
(b) Sea-level canal, Rio Obispo dam, and Pacific tidal lock and breakwater.
(c) Sea-level canal, Chagres River dam, and Pacific tidal lock and breakwater.
(d) Sea-level canal, Chagres River dam, and Gulf of Mexico tidal lock and breakwater.

5. The results of Commander Selfridge's initial orders for exploration in Central America in 1870, together with those of an additional six expeditions, were to be submitted for appraisal to which agency?
(a) The Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
(b) The Bureau of Science and Engineering (BSE).
(c) The Interoceanic Canal Commission (ICC).
(d) The Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

6. U.S. delegate Commander Selfridge raises what issue regarding Nicaragua while at the 1879 Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique in Paris?
(a) Its history of volcanic disturbances and earthquakes.
(b) Its history of typhoons and hurricanes.
(c) Its history of volcanic disturbances and typhoons.
(d) Its history of floods and earthquakes.

7. As the U.S. establishes a naval base at Cuba, annexes Hawaii, and acquires Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico, the canal Theodore Roosevelt has been advocating becomes what?
(a) Enormously popular.
(b) Of minimal concern.
(c) Of concern.
(d) Enormously unpopular.

8. Which organization is later described as representing the world's first "transcontinental" railroad?
(a) The Panama Railroad Company.
(b) The San Francisco-Boston Railway.
(c) The Panama Steam Line Corporation.
(d) The Union Pacific Railroad Company.

9. Armand Rousseau's report declares abandoning the Panama project will harm French prestige and advocates what?
(a) Abandon both the sea-level plan for a lock proposal, and that a lottery is insufficient.
(b) Adopt the lottery proposal, but abandon the sea-level plan.
(c) Keep the sea-level plan and adopt the lottery proposal.
(d) Continue with the sea-level plan.

10. In June of 1881, Ferdinand de Lesseps pays Park's price, that has increased $200 per share to $250 cash, consuming how much of the company's resources?
(a) 1/4.
(b) 1/3.
(c) 1/2.
(d) 1/5.

11. Why is it nearly impossible in the early stages of canal construction to maintain an adequate work force?
(a) High death toll.
(b) Language differences.
(c) Frequent turnover.
(d) High illness rate.

12. Who is the Turr Syndicate directed by?
(a) General Istvan Turr, Baron Jacques de Reinach, and Commander Lucien Napoleon-Bonaparte Wyse.
(b) Colonel Istvan Turr, Lord Jacques de Reinach, and Admiral Lucien Napoleon-Bonaparte Wyse.
(c) General Istvan Turr, Baron Jacques de Reinach, and Lieutenant Lucien Napoleon-Bonaparte Wyse.
(d) Baron Istvan Turr, Commodore Jacques de Reinach, and Captain Lucien Napoleon-Bonaparte Wyse.

13. A sea-level canal built at Panama is just impossible, and using 1880s equipment, the lock canal approach maximizes what?
(a) Both technological and financial limits.
(b) Technological, but not financial limits.
(c) Financial, but not technological limits.
(d) Neither technological nor financial limits.

14. Beyond maps and plans, what is Lieutenant Lucien Napoleon Bonaparte Wyse refused access to in 1878?
(a) A forum with Vice Admiral T. J. Miller.
(b) A conference with Dr. Christian Francis Stephenson.
(c) An interview with Commandant Harold O. McDonald.
(d) A meeting with Admiral Daniel Ammen.

15. Upon their arrival in Panama in late 1879, Ferdinand de Lesseps and his group take the train into the jungle and enter the valley of what wide, brown, looping waterway?
(a) Panama River.
(b) Rio Grande.
(c) Chagres River.
(d) Rio Obispo.

Short Answer Questions

1. What do closed subcommittees at the 1879 Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique in Paris establish that the Nicaragua canal route is?

2. Which delegate to the 1879 Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique in Paris takes into consideration the deadly climate of Panama?

3. What promise does Ferdinand de Lesseps keep on January 1, 1880?

4. Completed after ten years of construction in 1869, what is the significant engineering feat that shortens the trek from Europe to India by some 5,800 miles around the Horn of Africa?

5. Secretary of State William Evarts agrees to send Admiral Daniel Ammen and A. G. Menocal to the 1879 Paris Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique in what capacity?

(see the answer keys)

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