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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A. G. Menocal tells the 1879 Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique he had been in Panama in 1875 planning a sea-level canal, but abandoned that idea when he grasped what?
(a) The time it would take to complete a sea-level canal in Panama as it would elsewhere.
(b) The engineering complexities of a sea-level canal through Panama.
(c) The full impact of the Chagres River.
(d) The relief of the terrain.

2. The Compagnie Universelle incorporates on March 3, 1881, with whom as officers?
(a) Henri Bionne, President; Charles de Lesseps, Secretary General; and Ferdinand de Lesseps, Director.
(b) Ferdinand de Lesseps, President; Charles de Lesseps, Secretary General; and Henri Bionne, Director.
(c) Ferdinand de Lesseps, President; Henri Bionne, Secretary General; and Charles de Lesseps, Director.
(d) Charles de Lesseps, President; Henri Bionne, Secretary General; and Ferdinand de Lesseps, Director.

3. What other term or phrase describes Phillippe Banau-Varilla besides bold, vain, personable, energetic, practical, and brilliant?
(a) Salvager of "The Great Idea of Nicaragua."
(b) Ordained to restore the tarnished Colombian Honor.
(c) Crusader for Scientific Truth.
(d) Comic schemer.

4. The liquidator's ordering a halt to work on the Isthmus instigates what among workers and shareholders?
(a) Violent riots.
(b) Polite petition for redress.
(c) A run on financial institutions.
(d) They want to forget it.

5. Back in Paris, in mid-1885, Ferdinand de Lesseps stipulates his Panama project ranks how in comparison to Suez?
(a) Ten times more difficult than Suez.
(b) Equally difficult to Suez.
(c) Twice as difficult as Suez.
(d) Less difficult than Suez, just longer.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which investigative group of the Panama Affair holds 63 sessions, receives 158 depositions, complies over 1,000 dossiers, but issues a report that embarrasses no colleagues?

2. Jaques de Reinach is a nominal villain in comparison to whom?

3. In late 1879, Ferdinand de Lesseps initiates publication of what propaganda organ?

4. When is the sanitation problem remedied at Colon when the town burns to the ground?

5. After leaving the bottom lands of Panama in late 1879, while en route to Panama City, the Ferdinand de Lesseps entourage follow what river toward the summit at Culebra?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why is it that Ferdinand de Lesseps takes on doing the Suez Canal?

2. What does the swindler Cornelius Herz do before he flees to France?

3. What does Ferdinand de Lesseps accomplish between the 1879 Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique in Paris and sailing for Panama in December that year?

4. What critical things transpire in regard to the French canal project in July 1886?

5. The chances against Panama being selected as the location for a canal over Nicaragua are reportedly 100 to 1, until what two events occur?

6. What do Ferdinand de Lesseps and his companions find in Panama City?

7. As the Morgan Committee rejects the recommendations of the Walker Commission, what are the rumors that are circulating around Washington?

8. What is Colon like, where Ferdinant de Lesseps' entourage begins their journey in Panama?

9. What takes place in Havana, Cuba, during the Spanish-American War of 1898 that encourages Theodore Roosevelt in his zeal for a canal in Central America?

10. What are the reasons Admiral Ammen opposes the official U.S. plan?

(see the answer keys)

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