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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. A. G. Menocal tells the 1879 Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique he had been in Panama in 1875 planning a sea-level canal, but abandoned that idea when he grasped what?

2. Which investigative group of the Panama Affair holds 63 sessions, receives 158 depositions, complies over 1,000 dossiers, but issues a report that embarrasses no colleagues?

3. In late 1879, a large entourage sails to Panama arriving in what season?

4. What happens to Lt. Isaac Strain's expeditionary party in 1850 when attempting to locate a potential path at the Isthmus of Darien?

5. Once digging the "Great Trench" starts at Emperador on January 20, 1882, it moves how quickly?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are the reasons Admiral Ammen opposes the official U.S. plan?

2. As the Morgan Committee rejects the recommendations of the Walker Commission, what are the rumors that are circulating around Washington?

3. What is the subtitle for Chapter 3, "Consensus of One," a reference to?

4. What is Colon like, where Ferdinant de Lesseps' entourage begins their journey in Panama?

5. What does Ferdinand de Lesseps accomplish between the 1879 Congris International d'Ytudes du Canal Interocyanique in Paris and sailing for Panama in December that year?

6. Who are the three prominent directors of the Turr Syndicate and what are their backgrounds?

7. What is the situation like in Panama when Phillippe Banau-Varilla is appointed acting director of the French project?

8. In mid-November 1887, what sort of new locks does Ferdinand de Lesseps state Alexandre Gustava Eiffel will be designing and building?

9. What takes place in Havana, Cuba, during the Spanish-American War of 1898 that encourages Theodore Roosevelt in his zeal for a canal in Central America?

10. What is the result of Gaston Blanchet's proposal for a 400' wide swath to ease surveying?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Sentiment as to where to put an American canal is overwhelmingly one-sided favoring Nicaragua, until Phillippe Banau-Varilla and William Nelson Cromwell emerge on behalf of the "Panama Lobby." Comparing and contrasting the two, how are they similar and how are they different? Do they work well together, or function better separately? Who is the most effective in getting things accomplished? Do they work in a straightforward fashion toward legitimately achieving their goals or not? What is the approach each takes toward accomplishing a task?

Essay Topic 2

William Nelson Cromwell locates and talks John Stevens into replacing John Wallace. What type of training, schooling, and experience does Stevens have? What successes has he enjoyed? Who is supporting him? What sort of leadership does he exercise? What takes place when he moves the engineering office to Culebra? What successes does Stevens achieve? What failures does he endure? Why is Stevens replaced?

Essay Topic 3

What is social life like in the Canal Zone in the latter half of the construction period? Has the war on pestilence and disease been effective? What is offered to prompt individuals to come to Panama, or bring their families? What is the cost of living in Panama like? What social events are available to employees after work hours?

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