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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did California modify the Three Strikes Law with Proposition 36?

2. Where did Nathaniel Bacon live as a property owner?

3. By the end of 2007, how many Americans were behind bars, on probation, or on parole, according to the author in Chapter 2: "The Lockdown"?

4. When did the American Civil War end by proclamation?

5. How many people does the author say are in prison or jail for a drug offense today in Chapter 2: "The Lockdown"?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was Operation Pipeline and what impacts did it have?

2. How has the U.S. penal population changed from 1980 to today?

3. When did Terry v. Ohio go to the Supreme Court? What was the ruling?

4. What is the Ku Klux Klan? What did the Ku Klux Klan acts dictate?

5. What does "Jim Crow" refer to?

6. What were the impacts and repercussions of Bacon's Rebellion?

7. What led to the ermergence of slavery as the primary means for labor in the South?

8. How does the author define "caste"? What is meant by "racial caste"?

9. What did the Supreme Court case of Florida v. Bostick establish?

10. What was dedided in the case of California v. Acevedo?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What is meant by the term "colorblindness"? Why does the author assert that colorblindness has been catastrophic for African Americans? Do you agree? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

What are the mandatory sentences for crack cocaine possession? What sentences are mandatory for powder cocaine possession? Why is there a disparity? How does this disparity impact the African American community?

Essay Topic 3

How did the wealthy planter class manage to create a divide between poor white workers and poor black workers in the American colonies? Why did they do so? How did they benefit from this estrangement?

(see the answer keys)

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