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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to criminologist Peter Kraska, how many cases of flawed paramilitary raids reached the appellate level between 1989 and 2001?
(a) 290.
(b) 350.
(c) 620.
(d) 780.

2. What word used in the Introduction refers to the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities?
(a) Authoritarian.
(b) Egalitarian.
(c) Unitarian.
(d) Utilitarian.

3. What Supreme Court Justice said of the Florida v. Bostick case that "the basis of the decision to single out particular passengers during a suspicionless sweep is less likely to be inarticulate than unspeakable"?
(a) Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes.
(b) Justice Earl Warren.
(c) Justice William Brennan.
(d) Justice Thurgood Marshall.

4. Who was the executive director of the Sentencing Project when the book was written?
(a) Marc Mauer.
(b) Jason Alexander.
(c) Andrew Stabler.
(d) Richard Roth.

5. When did Congress, at the behest of Ronald Reagan, revise the program that provides federal aid to law enforcement, renaming it the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program?
(a) 1992.
(b) 1986.
(c) 1999.
(d) 1988.

6. What term became ascribed to American Indians as a way of justifying their eradication, according to the author in Chapter 1: "The Rebirth of Caste"?
(a) "Indians."
(b) "Natives."
(c) "Savages."
(d) "Blacks."

7. When did the CIA admit that guerilla armies it actively supported in Nicaragua were smuggling crack cocaine into the United States?
(a) 1992.
(b) 1985.
(c) 2001.
(d) 1998.

8. When did the American Civil War begin?
(a) March 1, 1863.
(b) September 16, 1862.
(c) April 12, 1861.
(d) January 1, 1866.

9. What agency arose in the Reconstruction Era that was charged with the responsibility of providing food, clothing, fuel, and other forms of assistance to former slaves?
(a) The NAACP.
(b) The Amerian Negro's Fund.
(c) NAFTA.
(d) The Freedman's Bureau.

10. When was Schneckloth v. Bustamonte decided?
(a) 1979.
(b) 1962.
(c) 1973.
(d) 1982.

11. The author asserts in Chapter 2: "The Lockdown" that drug offenses alone account for what fraction of the rise in the federal inmate population between 1985 and 2000?
(a) One-half.
(b) Two-thirds.
(c) One-third.
(d) Three-fourths.

12. When was the ruling in Florida v. Bostick decided?
(a) 1991.
(b) 1982.
(c) 1996.
(d) 1999.

13. What years comprised the Reconstruction Era?
(a) 1864-1872.
(b) 1866-1880.
(c) 1865-1877.
(d) 1866-1875.

14. During the time she worked at the ACLU, Michelle Alexander's focus shifted from employment discrimination to what focus?
(a) Affirmative action.
(b) Education reform.
(c) Criminal justice reform.
(d) Tax reform.

15. When does the author describe the raid at Stratford High School in Goose Creek, South Carolina as having taken place in Chapter 2: "The Lockdown"?
(a) November, 2003.
(b) March, 1999.
(c) July, 1993.
(d) August, 2005.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did Abraham Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

2. When did the National Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals release a recommendation that "no new institutions for adults should be build and existing institutions for juveniles should be closed"?

3. What was the dominant means of securing cheap labor in the early colonial period in America, according to the author in Chapter 1: "The Rebirth of Caste"?

4. When was the major conference held called "Why We Can't Wait: Reversing the Retreat on Civil Rights"?

5. Who was the governor that was under attack in Bacon's Rebellion?

(see the answer keys)

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