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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. During the time she worked at the ACLU, Michelle Alexander's focus shifted from employment discrimination to what focus?
(a) Education reform.
(b) Tax reform.
(c) Criminal justice reform.
(d) Affirmative action.

2. According to criminologist Peter Kraska, how many cases of flawed paramilitary raids reached the appellate level between 1989 and 2001?
(a) 780.
(b) 290.
(c) 350.
(d) 620.

3. What percentage of all Southern elected officials were black in 1870?
(a) 10%.
(b) 15%.
(c) 20%.
(d) 5%.

4. What are the three major racialized systems of control adopted by the United States toward African Americans, according to the author in the Introduction?
(a) Slavery, poverty, and educational oppression.
(b) Slavery, Jim Crow, and mass incarceration.
(c) Slavery, voting rights, and the War on Drugs.
(d) Slavery, economic inequality, and injustice.

5. Where was Terrance Bostick traveling on a Greyhound bus when he was arrested?
(a) To Memphis.
(b) To Los Angeles.
(c) To Atlanta.
(d) To Little Rock.

Short Answer Questions

1. In the Urban League's 1990 report, "The State of Black America," it stated, "There is at least one concept that must be recognized if one is to see the pervasive and insidious nature of the drug problem for the African American community. Though difficult to accept, that is the concept of" what?

2. When did California pass Proposition 184, the Three Strikes Law?

3. According to the author in the Introduction, how many people are in prison in the United States per 100,000?

4. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlaw?

5. When did the American Civil War begin?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declare?

2. How did the concept of "race" emerge in America, according to the author in Chapter 1: "The Rebirth of Caste"?

3. What obstacle does the Barack Obama presidency present for civil rights advocates, according to the author in the Introduction?

4. What does a "consent search" refer to?

5. What does "Jim Crow" refer to?

6. What was dedided in the case of California v. Acevedo?

7. What legislative achievements were seen in the Reconstruction Era?

8. Who declared the "War on Drugs"? When was it declared?

9. What was concluded in the case of Brown v. Board of Education?

10. What were the "black codes" and what impact did they have?

(see the answer keys)

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