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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When did the American Civil War end by proclamation?
(a) January 1, 1866.
(b) September 16, 1862.
(c) March 1, 1863.
(d) May 9, 1865.

2. What U.S. Constitutional Amendment provided that the right to vote should not be denied on account of race?
(a) The 14th Amendment.
(b) The 16th Amendment.
(c) The 15th Amendment.
(d) The 12th Amendment.

3. What question does the author say the book explores in Chapter 1?
(a) "Why are we here?"
(b) "How do we face and address the past?"
(c) "How did we get here?"
(d) "Where do we go next?"

4. When did California modify the Three Strikes Law with Proposition 36?
(a) 2011.
(b) 2015.
(c) 2012.
(d) 2013.

5. According to criminologist Peter Kraska, how many cases of flawed paramilitary raids reached the appellate level between 1989 and 2001?
(a) 780.
(b) 620.
(c) 290.
(d) 350.

Short Answer Questions

1. In the Introduction, the author attests that how many people in Germany are in prison for every 100,000 adults and children?

2. Approximately how many people were in prison or jail for a drug offense in 1980?

3. Between 1980 and 2000, the number of people incarcerated in prisons in the U.S. went from about 300,000 to how many?

4. When did the Supreme Court rule in United States v. Harris that the Klan Act was partially unconstitutional?

5. In her Introduction, the author writes, "The impact of the drug war has been astounding. In less than 30 years, the U.S penal population exploded from around 300,000 to" how many?

Short Essay Questions

1. What legislative achievements were seen in the Reconstruction Era?

2. What was dedided in the case of California v. Acevedo?

3. What is the Ku Klux Klan? What did the Ku Klux Klan acts dictate?

4. What was concluded in the case of Brown v. Board of Education?

5. When did Terry v. Ohio go to the Supreme Court? What was the ruling?

6. What were the "black codes" and what impact did they have?

7. What did the Supreme Court case of Florida v. Bostick establish?

8. What were the impacts and repercussions of Bacon's Rebellion?

9. What are "pretext stops"? How are they employed in the War on Drugs?

10. What was Operation Pipeline and what impacts did it have?

(see the answer keys)

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