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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to criminologist Peter Kraska, how many cases of flawed paramilitary raids reached the appellate level between 1989 and 2001?
(a) 350.
(b) 780.
(c) 290.
(d) 620.

2. Where did Nathaniel Bacon live as a property owner?
(a) Bermuda.
(b) Roanoke, Virginia.
(c) Province of New Jersey.
(d) Jamestown, Virginia.

3. When was the major conference held called "Why We Can't Wait: Reversing the Retreat on Civil Rights"?
(a) March, 2008.
(b) October, 2007.
(c) June, 2004.
(d) July, 2001.

4. The author states in her Introduction, "Conversations about class are resisted in part because there is a tendency to imagine that one's class reflects upon" what?
(a) "One's race."
(b) "One's character."
(c) One's history."
(d) "One's income."

5. In the Urban League's 1990 report, "The State of Black America," it stated, "There is at least one concept that must be recognized if one is to see the pervasive and insidious nature of the drug problem for the African American community. Though difficult to accept, that is the concept of" what?
(a) "Racism."
(b) "Poverty."
(c) "Genocide."
(d) "Confidentiality."

Short Answer Questions

1. The author asserts in the Introduction that one in how many young African American men are currently under the control of the criminal justice system--in prison, in jail, on probation, or on parole?

2. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlaw?

3. What Supreme Court Justice said of the Florida v. Bostick case that "the basis of the decision to single out particular passengers during a suspicionless sweep is less likely to be inarticulate than unspeakable"?

4. Who described The Strange Career of Jim Crow as the "historical bible of the Civil Rights Movement"?

5. According to the author in Chapter 1: "The Rebirth of Caste," what "was the device employed to protect the institution of slavery and the political power of slaveholding states" when the Constitution was written?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does the author use Jarvious Cotton as an example in the Introduction to The New Jim Crow?

2. What obstacle does the Barack Obama presidency present for civil rights advocates, according to the author in the Introduction?

3. What was Operation Pipeline and what impacts did it have?

4. How did the concept of "race" emerge in America, according to the author in Chapter 1: "The Rebirth of Caste"?

5. What legislative achievements were seen in the Reconstruction Era?

6. How do incarceration rates in the U.S. compare with those in other countries across the globe?

7. What were the "black codes" and what impact did they have?

8. What is Federalism and what role has it played in racial oppression, according to the author in Chapter 1: "The Rebirth of Caste"?

9. How has the U.S. penal population changed from 1980 to today?

10. How does the author define "caste"? What is meant by "racial caste"?

(see the answer keys)

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