2. What state supreme court issued a landmark decision in the case of Ruffin v. Commonwealth?
(a) The Arkansas Supreme Court.
(b) The Virginia Supreme Court.
(c) The Mississippi Supreme Court.
(d) The Louisiana Supreme Court.

3. When did Abraham Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
(a) January 1, 1865.
(b) January 1, 1864.
(c) January 1, 1866.
(d) January 1, 1863.

4. What does "caste" refer to?
(a) A system of dividing society into educational classes.
(b) A system of dividing society into hereditary classes.
(c) A system of dividing society into racial classes.
(d) A system of dividing society into economic classes.

5. What question does the author say the book explores in Chapter 1?
(a) "Why are we here?"
(b) "Where do we go next?"
(c) "How do we face and address the past?"
(d) "How did we get here?"

Short Answer Questions

1. The author states in Chapter 1: "The Rebirth of Caste," "Any candid observer of American racial history must acknowledge that racism is highly" what?

2. According to the author in the Introduction, how many people are in prison in the United States per 100,000?

3. When did California pass Proposition 184, the Three Strikes Law?

4. Where did crack cocaine first emerge in poor black neighborhoods in the United States before spreading elsewhere?

5. During the time she worked at the ACLU, Michelle Alexander's focus shifted from employment discrimination to what focus?

(see the answer key)

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