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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What else does Marx say about people who live pastoral lives?

2. What effect did Carlyle say industrialism would have?

3. What is Marx's tone throughout 'The Machine in the Garden'?

4. What does the Pequod symbolize in Melville's Moby Dick?

5. What does Marx say about people who live pastoral lives?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Marx describe modern man's relationship with the pastoral ideal?

2. How does Marx categorize modern man's attitude toward the pastoral ideal in terms of the authors he has analyzed?

3. What does fire symbolize in Hawthorne's 'The Unpardonable Sin'?

4. What was the dark side of industrialism, in most writers' eyes?

5. What is the 'Garden of Ashes' a reference to?

6. What was John Orvis' reaction to industrialism?

7. What is the future of the pastoral ideal in Marx's view at the end of the epilogue?

8. What was Tench Coxe's contribution to the American pastoral ideal?

9. How did Thoreau reconcile machines and nature?

10. What critique did Carlyle make of industrialism?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How did the frontier resolve the tension between pastoralism and industrialism? How did it make the tension worse?

Essay Topic 2

How do women experience the pastoral ideal? Are men's and women's experiences of nature and the simple life different? What is it in male or female nature or in Western culture that accounts for the difference?

Essay Topic 3

Is there an essential pastoralism, or is each person's or culture's pastoralism unique to its own context? Does the similarity of symbols and associations apply in every time and case? Read one of the stories or novels Marx analyzes, to see how the pastoral themes might be unique to the individual work.

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