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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is Marx's tone throughout 'The Machine in the Garden'?

2. How does Marx describe the pastoralism of the 19th century?

3. What type of society was America (in the time of Marx's writing)?

4. What part of man remained free of industrialism, in Carlyle's view?

5. What conclusion about technology does the narrator reach at the end of Twain's Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the dark side of industrialism, in most writers' eyes?

2. What does fire symbolize in Hawthorne's 'The Unpardonable Sin'?

3. What is the 'Garden of Ashes' a reference to?

4. How did Daniel Webster describe industrialism?

5. What is complex pastoral ideology, and where does Marx see it in evidence?

6. What was Tench Coxe's contribution to the American pastoral ideal?

7. How did Emerson react to industrialism?

8. How would you characterize Marx's own view about pastoralism?

9. What was John Orvis' reaction to industrialism?

10. What is the future of the pastoral ideal in Marx's view at the end of the epilogue?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Read the dialogue between Tityrus and Meliboeus in Virgil's Eclogues, and describe what makes American pastoralism uniquely American. Is pastoralism really an eternal theme in civilized culture, or is there a uniquely American strain to it?

Essay Topic 2

In Notes on Virginia, Jefferson argues for keeping the factories in Europe. What role did pastoralism play in American nationalism, and how did it distinguish America from Europe? How was American pastoralism different than European pastoralism?

Essay Topic 3

How did the frontier resolve the tension between pastoralism and industrialism? How did it make the tension worse?

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