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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is Marx's tone throughout 'The Machine in the Garden'?

2. How does Marx describe the pastoralism of the 19th century?

3. What effect did Carlyle say industrialism would have?

4. When was man supposed to return to nature, in Thoreau's vision?

5. What structures does Marx use as examples of how modern man mistreats nature?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Marx say the ship Pequod symbolizes in Melville's Moby Dick?

2. What was the dark side of industrialism, in most writers' eyes?

3. How did the pastoral ideal redeem the horrors of industrialism?

4. What is complex pastoral ideology, and where does Marx see it in evidence?

5. How did Ralph Waldo Emerson see nature?

6. What is the purpose of an epilogue?

7. How does Marx characterize the modern response to pastoralism?

8. How would you characterize Marx's own view about pastoralism?

9. How did Thoreau reconcile machines and nature?

10. How did Emerson reconcile machines and nature?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How does Marx define the term pastoral ideology, and how does he describe the terms' uses? What uses does the term have, if it can be used for everything from social activities to government policies to literary themes? Is pastoralism always the same phenomena, or is it different depending on its application?

Essay Topic 2

The Bible is frequently cited as a source for the colonists' belief that they had reached a promised land where they had to have dominion and make a city on the hill, a garden out of the wilderness. Trace one biblical imperative through a few works of pastoral ideal. How does the biblical idea express itself in different works?

Essay Topic 3

Do you think that there was ever a 'good place in nature' or is this concept itself a nostalgic imposition on the experience of loss, and the acquisition of civilization?

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