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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What effect did Carlyle say industrialism would have?

2. What was the general feeling about industrialism in America, as it expanded?

3. What does fire symbolize in Hawthorne's The Unpardonable Sin?

4. How did Emerson describe the relationship between the east and the west?

5. Who does Marx say will *not* contribute to reversing the trend toward urbanization and industrialization?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Marx categorize modern man's attitude toward the pastoral ideal in terms of the authors he has analyzed?

2. How would you characterize Marx's own view about pastoralism?

3. What is the role of industry in Melville's Moby Dick?

4. What was John Orvis' reaction to industrialism?

5. How does Marx describe modern man's relationship with the pastoral ideal?

6. How did the pastoral ideal redeem the horrors of industrialism?

7. How does Marx characterize the modern response to pastoralism?

8. How would you describe the genre shift at the end of 'The Machine in the Garden'?

9. What was the context in which Marx was writing the epilogue?

10. What was Mark Twain's stance on technology and nature in Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Do you think that there was ever a 'good place in nature' or is this concept itself a nostalgic imposition on the experience of loss, and the acquisition of civilization?

Essay Topic 2

Research Utopian communities in America--from Brook Farm to Fruitlands to Fourierian and Owensian communes to contemporary Utopian communities. Are these places living out the pastoral ideal?

Essay Topic 3

The Bible is frequently cited as a source for the colonists' belief that they had reached a promised land where they had to have dominion and make a city on the hill, a garden out of the wilderness. Trace one biblical imperative through a few works of pastoral ideal. How does the biblical idea express itself in different works?

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