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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Marx relate Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' to?

2. How does Marx describe the encroachment of industrialism?

3. What does Marx say is the 'sentimental' pastoral ideal?

4. What contradictory aspects of the American landscape came to characterize American pastoralism?

5. What is the second reaction Marx describes to industrialism?

Short Essay Questions

1. What view typified the opposite of the bountiful-Edenic image of the New World?

2. How does Shakespeare demonstrate the impossibility of the pastoral ideal?

3. How had Shakespeare learned about conditions in America?

4. What is complex pastoral ideology?

5. How had the Enlightenment changed pastoral thought by the time of Jefferson?

6. How does Marx describe the ambiguity of existence Beverly hit on?

7. What contradiction marks the early accounts of the New World, according to Marx?

8. How long does Marx say the pastoral ideal has endured?

9. How does Marx describe the value of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' in 'The Machine in the Garden'?

10. Where has the pastoral ideal been apparent in American culture?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The Bible is frequently cited as a source for the colonists' belief that they had reached a promised land where they had to have dominion and make a city on the hill, a garden out of the wilderness. Trace one biblical imperative through a few works of pastoral ideal. How does the biblical idea express itself in different works?

Essay Topic 2

What part of human nature are people like Shakespeare's Gonzalo or Thoreau or Huckleberry Finn trying to escape from in nature? Where in pastoral literature is that trait accounted for?

Essay Topic 3

Manufacturing was both an evil and a source of national strength in the 18th century. How did manufacturing change the idea of industrialism, and did the acquisition of manufacturing strength redeem the loss of natural land? Who argued that it did? Who argued that it did not?

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This section contains 644 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) View a FREE sample