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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Marx point out was formed as a result of the Revolutionary War?

2. What does Marx say is the leading image of industrialism?

3. In Jefferson's time, how did the eastern farmers come to see nature, as a result of their work?

4. What part of 'The Tempest' held special interest for Marx?

5. What is a consequence of the sentimental pastoral ideal?

Short Essay Questions

1. How long does Marx say the pastoral ideal has endured?

2. What is the sentimental pastoral ideal?

3. How did Jefferson separate America and Europe in his Notes on Virginia?

4. What contradiction marks the early accounts of the New World, according to Marx?

5. What is the pastoral ideal?

6. When did the pastoral ideal become a part of American culture?

7. How did Jefferson describe the frontier in his Notes on Virginia?

8. How did Robert Beverly describe the New World in his History?

9. What is the consequence of the pastoral ideal?

10. How had the Enlightenment changed pastoral thought by the time of Jefferson?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

From driving to National Parks, or seeing wildlife in zoos or managing environments for the sake of wildfires or endangered species, Americans seem to be able to reconcile a high level of science and industry with a high sense of nature and pristineness. What arts or cultural developments have allowed Americans to endure the paradoxes of their industrial lifestyles?

Essay Topic 2

Is there an essential pastoralism, or is each person's or culture's pastoralism unique to its own context? Does the similarity of symbols and associations apply in every time and case? Read one of the stories or novels Marx analyzes, to see how the pastoral themes might be unique to the individual work.

Essay Topic 3

How does Marx define the term pastoral ideology, and how does he describe the terms' uses? What uses does the term have, if it can be used for everything from social activities to government policies to literary themes? Is pastoralism always the same phenomena, or is it different depending on its application?

(see the answer keys)

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