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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was nature's role supposed to be in the nation's future, by Jefferson's time?

2. What did the settlers find appealing about the New World?

3. How does Marx describe the encroachment of industrialism?

4. What did Beverly describe as the paradox of existence in the New World?

5. What American literature does Marx say exemplifies the three-stage theme he identified in Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Marx describe the value of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' in 'The Machine in the Garden'?

2. How had Shakespeare learned about conditions in America?

3. When did the pastoral ideal become a part of American culture?

4. What does Marx mean when he says that America offered a middle way for men?

5. What ideal does the conclusion to Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' suggest, in Marx's interpretation?

6. How does Marx describe the ambiguity of existence Beverly hit on?

7. What is complex pastoral ideology?

8. How did Robert Beverly describe the New World in his History?

9. What are the three spatial stages a person goes through in pastoral ideal?

10. How did Jefferson change his view on industrialism?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The Bible is frequently cited as a source for the colonists' belief that they had reached a promised land where they had to have dominion and make a city on the hill, a garden out of the wilderness. Trace one biblical imperative through a few works of pastoral ideal. How does the biblical idea express itself in different works?

Essay Topic 2

Research Utopian communities in America--from Brook Farm to Fruitlands to Fourierian and Owensian communes to contemporary Utopian communities. Are these places living out the pastoral ideal?

Essay Topic 3

In Notes on Virginia, Jefferson argues for keeping the factories in Europe. What role did pastoralism play in American nationalism, and how did it distinguish America from Europe? How was American pastoralism different than European pastoralism?

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