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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In what art does Marx see pastoral ideology contributing to a more realistic outcome for American society?
(a) Painting.
(b) Sculpture.
(c) Music.
(d) Literature.

2. Which characters are engaged in the final struggle in Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'?
(a) Ferdinand and Miranda.
(b) Gonzalo and Prospero.
(c) Miranda and Caliban.
(d) Gonzalo and Ferdinand.

3. What associations were suggested by Marx's leading symbol of industrialism?
(a) Fire, smoke and speed.
(b) Efficiency, control, and profit.
(c) Power, productivity, and order.
(d) Steam, progress, and control over the ocean.

4. What does an individual gain by passing through these three spatial stages?
(a) A middle ground between city and country.
(b) A high ground in terms of religious experience.
(c) Maturity.
(d) Legitimacy as an American.

5. What were the keys to the American landscape, in the views that were the opposite of Barlowe's?
(a) Hard work and sacrifice.
(b) Conservation and reservations.
(c) Generosity and sharing.
(d) Development and expansion.

6. What was it that Jefferson described as a threat to the moral center of democracy?
(a) Industrialism.
(b) Corruption.
(c) Native Americans.
(d) European military power.

7. What possibility did Marx hear resonating from the Crevecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer?
(a) The promise that nature can be civilized without being corrupted.
(b) The promise that the city can be redeemed by the country.
(c) The promise that the wilderness can be domesticated.
(d) The promise that a man can change his life.

8. When did the pastoral idea become part of American culture?
(a) At the Revolution.
(b) At the Industrial Revolution.
(c) During the French Revolution.
(d) At colonization.

9. What does Marx relate Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' to?
(a) Indigenous people.
(b) Natural spirituality.
(c) Political intrigue.
(d) American colonization.

10. What economic consequence does the sentimental pastoral ideal engender?
(a) Tariffs on imported manufactured goods.
(b) Regulation of speculative investments.
(c) Low taxes.
(d) Farm subsidies.

11. What does the end of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' demonstrate, in Marx's interpretation?
(a) Balance between men and women.
(b) Balance between man and nature.
(c) Justice in righting old wrongs.
(d) Fairness in dividing territory.

12. What is the most important part of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest', in Marx's estimation?
(a) A political power struggle.
(b) A conflict over how to use resources.
(c) A conflict over territory.
(d) An engagement and marriage.

13. Who typically espouses the sentimental pastoral ideal?
(a) Urban planners.
(b) Industrialists.
(c) Politicians.
(d) Engineers.

14. How have liberal thinkers portrayed the sentimental pastoral ideal, in Marx's account?
(a) As a harmless fantasy.
(b) As the path to the future.
(c) As a requirement for a green society.
(d) As a hindrance to progress.

15. What contradictory aspects of the American landscape came to characterize American pastoralism?
(a) Lawlessness and restraint.
(b) Wisdom and innocence.
(c) Savagery and civilization.
(d) Hardship and providence.

Short Answer Questions

1. What allowed America to preserve Jeffersonian ideals for 100 years after Jefferson wrote about them?

2. What did Jefferson want to keep in Europe?

3. When did Thomas Jefferson publish his Notes on Virginia?

4. How does Marx characterize Prospero and members of the court?

5. What piece by Nathaniel Hawthorne does Marx treat as emblematic of American pastoralism?

(see the answer keys)

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