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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the heart of the pastoral ideal?
(a) To live in the lap of nature.
(b) To turn nature into an industrial resource.
(c) To live out a primitive existence.
(d) To transform nature into an ordered place.

2. What form of art had reached a peak in Thomas Jefferson's time?
(a) Landscape painting.
(b) Trompe l'oeil paintings.
(c) Terza rima.
(d) Homeric versa.

3. For what occasion did Jefferson write his Notes on Virginia?
(a) At a French Diplomat's request.
(b) Upon his travels to Europe.
(c) For leisure.
(d) As an inventory when he was governor.

4. How have liberal thinkers portrayed the sentimental pastoral ideal, in Marx's account?
(a) As a harmless fantasy.
(b) As a requirement for a green society.
(c) As the path to the future.
(d) As a hindrance to progress.

5. What writer does Marx credit with beginning the theme of pastoralism in literature?
(a) Plato.
(b) Homer.
(c) Hawthorne.
(d) Virgil.

6. Marx writes that America offered men a middle state between what and what in the eighteenth century?
(a) Comfort and exploration.
(b) Wilderness and domestication.
(c) Civilization and primitive life.
(d) Corruption and innocence.

7. What does the end of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' demonstrate, in Marx's interpretation?
(a) Balance between men and women.
(b) Balance between man and nature.
(c) Justice in righting old wrongs.
(d) Fairness in dividing territory.

8. What was Jefferson's ideal of equality democracy founded on?
(a) Protecting individuals from industrialism.
(b) A government that encouraged self-reliance.
(c) The free market.
(d) Fostering entrepreneurship.

9. What does Marx say Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' demonstrates?
(a) The plan for Utopia in America.
(b) The impossibility of the pastoral ideal.
(c) The personalities who will be required to develop America.
(d) The corruption of the Old World.

10. What was the opposite of Barlowe's experience in his travels?
(a) Storms and primitive land.
(b) Political intrigue.
(c) Rocky soil and harsh laws.
(d) Sparse resources and unsafe territory.

11. What virtues did Jefferson associate with the civilization?
(a) Creativity and inspiration.
(b) Creativity and inspiration.
(c) Intellect and privilege.
(d) Ingenuity and technology.

12. What associations were suggested by Marx's leading symbol of industrialism?
(a) Power, productivity, and order.
(b) Fire, smoke and speed.
(c) Efficiency, control, and profit.
(d) Steam, progress, and control over the ocean.

13. What allowed America to preserve Jeffersonian ideals for 100 years after Jefferson wrote about them?
(a) Peace with natives.
(b) Absence of foreign threats.
(c) A frontier to expand into.
(d) Slow pace of technological development.

14. What did colonists find in America?
(a) Virgin land.
(b) Infrastructure they could usurp from the natives.
(c) Civilized people they could convert to Christianity.
(d) A desert they could transform into a garden.

15. What were the keys to the American landscape, in the views that were the opposite of Barlowe's?
(a) Conservation and reservations.
(b) Development and expansion.
(c) Generosity and sharing.
(d) Hard work and sacrifice.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which characters are engaged in the final struggle in Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'?

2. What did the new world fail to offer newcomers, in typical accounts?

3. How do Americans express their sentimental pastoral ideal?

4. What is the most important part of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest', in Marx's estimation?

5. What does Marx point out was formed as a result of the Revolutionary War?

(see the answer keys)

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