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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did colonists find in America?
(a) Virgin land.
(b) Infrastructure they could usurp from the natives.
(c) Civilized people they could convert to Christianity.
(d) A desert they could transform into a garden.

2. What human structure did Barlowe describe America in terms of?
(a) Church.
(b) Garden.
(c) City.
(d) Heaven.

3. What did Jefferson ultimately conclude about industrialism?
(a) That it had to be developed.
(b) That it had to balance efficiencies with creating employment opportunities.
(c) That it had to be suppressed.
(d) That it had to be aligned with public virtues.

4. What threat to the country's moral superiority had developed by Jefferson's time?
(a) The end of slavery.
(b) Slavery.
(c) Enclosure laws.
(d) Public transit.

5. What did Beverly describe as the paradox of existence in the New World?
(a) Whites wanted peace with the natives, but took their land to start wars.
(b) Settlers brought progress, but the natives didn't want it.
(c) Natives wanted progress, but then they hated themselves.
(d) Settlers wanted a paradise, but replicated their towns and government.

6. What would Gonzalo's ideal be characterized by?
(a) No need for language.
(b) No government.
(c) No disparity between rich and poor.
(d) No work.

7. What allowed America to preserve Jeffersonian ideals for 100 years after Jefferson wrote about them?
(a) Slow pace of technological development.
(b) A frontier to expand into.
(c) Peace with natives.
(d) Absence of foreign threats.

8. What was Jefferson's ideal of equality democracy founded on?
(a) The free market.
(b) A government that encouraged self-reliance.
(c) Fostering entrepreneurship.
(d) Protecting individuals from industrialism.

9. What secondary plot does Marx see as important for his purposes?
(a) The conflict over resource use.
(b) The struggle for poetic expression.
(c) The conflict over resource use.
(d) The struggle for domination over nature.

10. When did complex pastoral ideology come into existence?
(a) Twentieth century.
(b) With colonization.
(c) Nineteenth century.
(d) Eighteenth century.

11. What aspects of European civilization were the Virginia settlers glad to leave behind, in Beverly's history?
(a) Dogmas and conflicts over religion.
(b) Plagues and uncertainty over medical treatment.
(c) Suppression of religious expression.
(d) Vanities and conflicts over property.

12. When did Robert Beverly write his history of Virginia?
(a) 1620.
(b) 1607.
(c) 1690.
(d) 1703.

13. What contradictory aspects of the American landscape came to characterize American pastoralism?
(a) Savagery and civilization.
(b) Wisdom and innocence.
(c) Hardship and providence.
(d) Lawlessness and restraint.

14. How have the relationships between the city and country changed in American industrial pastoralism?
(a) They are both monetized.
(b) They are no longer interdependent.
(c) They are both reinvented by machines.
(d) They are no longer exclusive.

15. How have liberal thinkers portrayed the sentimental pastoral ideal, in Marx's account?
(a) As a hindrance to progress.
(b) As the path to the future.
(c) As a harmless fantasy.
(d) As a requirement for a green society.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Arthur Barlowe describe America?

2. What did Jefferson want to keep in Europe?

3. What were the keys to the American landscape, in the views that were the opposite of Barlowe's?

4. What is the heart of the pastoral ideal?

5. What sources does Marx suppose Shakespeare read for 'The Tempest'?

(see the answer keys)

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