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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What would Gonzalo's ideal be characterized by?
(a) No need for language.
(b) No work.
(c) No government.
(d) No disparity between rich and poor.

2. When did Thomas Jefferson publish his Notes on Virginia?
(a) 1789.
(b) 1803.
(c) 1776.
(d) 1781.

3. How did Arthur Barlowe describe America?
(a) As a tropical paradise.
(b) As a refuge from Europe.
(c) As a harsh land.
(d) As a land of plenty.

4. What is the first reaction Marx describes to industrialism?
(a) Feelings of alienation.
(b) Rebellion.
(c) Unionization.
(d) Relocation.

5. What literary work did Barlowe echo with his account of his travels?
(a) Arcadia.
(b) Paradise Regained.
(c) Paradise Lost.
(d) The Iliad.

6. What does pastoral ideology conflict with, in Marx's account?
(a) Extractive industries.
(b) Urbanization.
(c) The reality of history.
(d) Industrial modernism.

7. Which leisure activity does Marx identify as revealing the influence of the sentimental pastoral ideal?
(a) Theatre.
(b) Flying.
(c) Hiking.
(d) Travel.

8. What is a consequence of the sentimental pastoral ideal?
(a) Urbanization.
(b) Rail trails.
(c) Relocation to the suburbs.
(d) Exploitation of resources.

9. Why did Beverly feel as he did by the end of his work?
(a) He thought the New World would improve the settlers.
(b) He thought that the settlers and natives could work together.
(c) He saw a unique opportunity in the New World.
(d) He thought that the New World could improve the natives.

10. America was depicted as a paradise that was also what, in Marx's account?
(a) A place of redemption.
(b) A source for good in the Old World.
(c) A refuge.
(d) A place of hardship.

11. What possibility did Marx hear resonating from the Crevecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer?
(a) The promise that a man can change his life.
(b) The promise that the city can be redeemed by the country.
(c) The promise that the wilderness can be domesticated.
(d) The promise that nature can be civilized without being corrupted.

12. What did the new world fail to offer newcomers, in typical accounts?
(a) Power.
(b) Wealth.
(c) Art.
(d) Civilization.

13. What form of art had reached a peak in Thomas Jefferson's time?
(a) Homeric versa.
(b) Trompe l'oeil paintings.
(c) Landscape painting.
(d) Terza rima.

14. When did the pastoral idea become part of American culture?
(a) At the Industrial Revolution.
(b) During the French Revolution.
(c) At the Revolution.
(d) At colonization.

15. How have liberal thinkers portrayed the sentimental pastoral ideal, in Marx's account?
(a) As a harmless fantasy.
(b) As a hindrance to progress.
(c) As the path to the future.
(d) As a requirement for a green society.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the most important part of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest', in Marx's estimation?

2. How did the first settlers see Virginia, in Beverly's history?

3. What does the end of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' demonstrate, in Marx's interpretation?

4. What did Hawthorne describe in the piece Marx analyzed?

5. What was it that Jefferson described as a threat to the moral center of democracy?

(see the answer keys)

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