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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What would Gonzalo's ideal be characterized by?
(a) No disparity between rich and poor.
(b) No government.
(c) No need for language.
(d) No work.

2. What kind of existence did Barlowe describe having encountered in his travels?
(a) Idyllic.
(b) Savage.
(c) Dangerous.
(d) Tumultuous.

3. What kind of lifestyle does Marx say Americans want?
(a) Simpler.
(b) Faster.
(c) More elegant.
(d) More complex.

4. When did the pastoral idea become part of American culture?
(a) At the Revolution.
(b) At the Industrial Revolution.
(c) During the French Revolution.
(d) At colonization.

5. When did Robert Beverly write his history of Virginia?
(a) 1690.
(b) 1703.
(c) 1607.
(d) 1620.

6. Where had Barlowe traveled to?
(a) Brazil.
(b) Massachusetts.
(c) Virginia.
(d) Tahiti.

7. Why did Beverly feel as he did by the end of his work?
(a) He thought that the New World could improve the natives.
(b) He thought that the settlers and natives could work together.
(c) He saw a unique opportunity in the New World.
(d) He thought the New World would improve the settlers.

8. What desire does Marx describe as the opposite of Barlowe's view?
(a) The desire to make the earth productive.
(b) The desire to convert the savages.
(c) The desire to tame the landscape.
(d) The desire to know the earth mystically.

9. What did colonists find in America?
(a) Virgin land.
(b) A desert they could transform into a garden.
(c) Infrastructure they could usurp from the natives.
(d) Civilized people they could convert to Christianity.

10. What does Marx say Beverly felt about the New World, by the end of his history?
(a) Elated.
(b) Determined.
(c) Disappointed.
(d) Cautiously optimistic.

11. How do Americans express their sentimental pastoral ideal?
(a) By building cities.
(b) By conserving.
(c) By mining resources.
(d) By making green spaces.

12. What is the third stage of life that Marx describes through Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'?
(a) Return to nature.
(b) Return to home.
(c) Return to childhood.
(d) Return to the city.

13. America was depicted as a paradise that was also what, in Marx's account?
(a) A place of redemption.
(b) A refuge.
(c) A place of hardship.
(d) A source for good in the Old World.

14. How was Hawthorne's description interrupted?
(a) By a merchant.
(b) By a blue jay.
(c) By a railroad whistle.
(d) By an Indian.

15. What did the new world fail to offer newcomers, in typical accounts?
(a) Power.
(b) Art.
(c) Wealth.
(d) Civilization.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did complex pastoral ideology come into existence?

2. How have the relationships between the city and country changed in American industrial pastoralism?

3. What sources does Marx suppose Shakespeare read for 'The Tempest'?

4. What is the first stage of life that Marx describes through Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'?

5. What is the second reaction Marx describes to industrialism?

(see the answer keys)

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