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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the first reaction Marx describes to industrialism?
(a) Rebellion.
(b) Relocation.
(c) Feelings of alienation.
(d) Unionization.

2. What form of art had reached a peak in Thomas Jefferson's time?
(a) Landscape painting.
(b) Homeric versa.
(c) Terza rima.
(d) Trompe l'oeil paintings.

3. What does Marx point out was formed as a result of the Revolutionary War?
(a) An industrial capacity.
(b) Opposition to expansion.
(c) Corrupt government.
(d) Filthy cities.

4. What does Marx say is unique about pastoralism in the industrial age in America?
(a) People began to be able to visit the country from the city.
(b) The railroad blurred the boundary between city and country.
(c) Southern plantations were the first farms to perform agriculture on an industrial scale.
(d) People stopped living on farms in the late 1700s.

5. What did colonists find in America?
(a) Civilized people they could convert to Christianity.
(b) Infrastructure they could usurp from the natives.
(c) A desert they could transform into a garden.
(d) Virgin land.

6. What did Jefferson ultimately conclude about industrialism?
(a) That it had to be developed.
(b) That it had to balance efficiencies with creating employment opportunities.
(c) That it had to be suppressed.
(d) That it had to be aligned with public virtues.

7. How had the Enlightenment changed pastoral thought, in Marx's account?
(a) Colonization had subdued the natives and killed off predatory animals.
(b) Nature commanded new respect.
(c) Factories had subjugated nature.
(d) Engineers could shape nature more efficiently.

8. What does Marx say is the leading image of industrialism?
(a) The factory.
(b) The steam locomotive.
(c) The steamship.
(d) The cotton gin.

9. What does Marx say is the central theme of pastoral literature?
(a) The interruption of woodland peace.
(b) The futility of fighting nature.
(c) The desire to merge with nature.
(d) The imperative to transform nature.

10. What is the heart of the pastoral ideal?
(a) To transform nature into an ordered place.
(b) To live out a primitive existence.
(c) To live in the lap of nature.
(d) To turn nature into an industrial resource.

11. When did Thomas Jefferson publish his Notes on Virginia?
(a) 1776.
(b) 1803.
(c) 1781.
(d) 1789.

12. America was depicted as a paradise that was also what, in Marx's account?
(a) A refuge.
(b) A place of redemption.
(c) A source for good in the Old World.
(d) A place of hardship.

13. Why did Beverly feel as he did by the end of his work?
(a) He thought the New World would improve the settlers.
(b) He saw a unique opportunity in the New World.
(c) He thought that the settlers and natives could work together.
(d) He thought that the New World could improve the natives.

14. Which characters are engaged in the final struggle in Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'?
(a) Gonzalo and Prospero.
(b) Miranda and Caliban.
(c) Ferdinand and Miranda.
(d) Gonzalo and Ferdinand.

15. Where was Hawthorne when he wrote the piece Marx analyzed?
(a) Concord, MA.
(b) Providence, RI.
(c) Yosemite, CA.
(d) Norfolk, VA.

Short Answer Questions

1. What would Gonzalo's ideal be characterized by?

2. What does Marx say Beverly felt about the New World, by the end of his history?

3. What aspects of European civilization were the Virginia settlers glad to leave behind, in Beverly's history?

4. What did Beverly describe as the paradox of existence in the New World?

5. Which leisure activity does Marx identify as revealing the influence of the sentimental pastoral ideal?

(see the answer keys)

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