2. How did Emerson portray nature?
(a) As chaotic and disorganized.
(b) As the grand provider.
(c) As demonic.
(d) As a force to be overcome.

3. Which school of criticism does Marx belong to?
(a) New Historicism.
(b) Psychoanalytic criticism.
(c) New Criticism.
(d) Deconstruction.

4. What feature of modern society came into existence with American industrialism?
(a) Laissez-fair class structure.
(b) Unionization.
(c) Total warfare.
(d) Strikes and riots.

5. How would you classify Marx's 'The Machine in the Garden'?
(a) Psychological report.
(b) Literary criticism.
(c) Cultural criticism.
(d) Scientific study.

6. What criticism did Carlyle make of American industrialism?
(a) He decried the disruption of nature.
(b) He complained about the decline of marriage in cities.
(c) He lamented the death of wildlife.
(d) He protested the destruction of indigenous societies.

7. What does Marx say Thoreau wanted people to do in nature?
(a) Invent.
(b) Hide.
(c) Organize.
(d) Meditate.

8. What skill did Twain idealize?
(a) The engineer's ability to bridge rivers.
(b) The steam locomotive engineer's control over the train.
(c) The Indian soldier's warfare.
(d) The riverboat pilot's knowledge of the river.

9. What percentage of Americans lived on farms (in the time of Marx's writing)?
(a) 40%.
(b) 25%.
(c) 60%.
(d) 10%.

10. What do complex pastoralists recognize, in Marx's account?
(a) The need to integrate industrial machinery with natural processes.
(b) The need to return to nature at any cost.
(c) The need to reconcile pastoralism and industrialism.
(d) The need to abolish machinery.

11. What effect did Carlyle say industrialism would have?
(a) Poisoning the rivers and water.
(b) Disrupting the continuity of societies with mobility.
(c) Corrupting the youth with dreams of individualism.
(d) Increasing the gap between rich and poor.

12. How does Marx predict the trend toward urbanization and industrialization will be reversed?
(a) By market changes.
(b) By politics.
(c) By resource depletion.
(d) By popular uprisings.

13. What else does Marx say about people who live pastoral lives?
(a) They are poor.
(b) They are rich.
(c) They are Indians and blacks.
(d) They are powerless.

14. What is Huck Finn lamenting at the beginning of Huckleberry Finn?
(a) His loss of his father.
(b) Tom Sawyer's punishment.
(c) Jim's incarceration.
(d) His current civilized state.

15. What was Daniel Webster's take on industrialism?
(a) He embraced the new power.
(b) He loathed the railroad.
(c) He lamented the changing structure of society.
(d) He used it to his profit.