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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is Marx's tone throughout 'The Machine in the Garden'?
(a) Scientific and analytical.
(b) Analytical and pessimistic.
(c) Reverential and despairing by turns.
(d) Optimistic and casual.

2. What feature of modern society came into existence with American industrialism?
(a) Strikes and riots.
(b) Laissez-fair class structure.
(c) Total warfare.
(d) Unionization.

3. What did Henry Adams envision as the consequence of technology?
(a) The human race committing suicide.
(b) Disaffection, alienation, and disease.
(c) The unification of knowledge in one science.
(d) The unification of humans and nature.

4. What was Daniel Webster's take on industrialism?
(a) He loathed the railroad.
(b) He embraced the new power.
(c) He used it to his profit.
(d) He lamented the changing structure of society.

5. What did Daniel Webster believe the railroad would do for America?
(a) Corrupt the youth.
(b) Unify the people.
(c) Terrify the livestock.
(d) Destroy the traditions.

6. Who does Marx offer as examples of 'complex pastoralism' in America literature?
(a) Eliot and Pound.
(b) Fitzgerald and Faulkner.
(c) Dos Passos and Hurston.
(d) Salinger and Bukowski.

7. How does Marx characterize man's hopes for nature?
(a) Consensus-based resource use.
(b) Scientific resource allocation.
(c) Pastoral idealism.
(d) Realistic planning.

8. How did Coxe's vision for industrialism intersect with pastoralism?
(a) Coxe thought that America's environment would make the factory a pastoral place.
(b) Coxe thought that factories would blight the landscape.
(c) Coxe predicted that industries would leave dead places in the environment when they collapsed.
(d) Coxe prophesied that extractive industries would ruin the landscape.

9. What effect does fire have in Hawthorne's The Unpardonable Sin?
(a) It spreads light into the wilderness.
(b) It brings religion to people.
(c) It drives factories and great productivity.
(d) It destroys an everyman.

10. Which term describes the title of Marx's epilogue?
(a) Personification.
(b) Paradox.
(c) Apostrophe.
(d) Synecdoche.

11. What does Marx say about people who live pastoral lives?
(a) They are conservationists.
(b) They are leaders.
(c) They are isolated.
(d) They are fulfilled.

12. How do modern authors, Marx included, tend to feel about preserving nature in an industrial world?
(a) Pessimistic.
(b) Zealous.
(c) Cautiously optimistic.
(d) Exuberant.

13. How would you describe Marx's book 'The Machine in the Garden'?
(a) Scientific.
(b) Academic.
(c) Political.
(d) Prophetic.

14. What has happened to the ideal of the pastoral society, in Marx's opinion?
(a) It has replaced the industrial utopia.
(b) It is a token belief.
(c) It is a governing principle.
(d) It has become the rallying cry for opposition to industrial modernism.

15. What did Emerson originally propose in his philosophy?
(a) Immersion in science.
(b) Immersion in society.
(c) Immersion in nature.
(d) Immersion in literature.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Marx point out accompanied factories and progress in transportation?

2. Which industry has Marx talked most about, in 'The Machine in the Garden'?

3. What structures does Marx use as examples of how modern man mistreats nature?

4. What skill did Twain idealize?

5. How did Americans see westward expansion, in Marx's account?

(see the answer keys)

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