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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How would you classify Marx's 'The Machine in the Garden'?
(a) Psychological report.
(b) Literary criticism.
(c) Scientific study.
(d) Cultural criticism.

2. How did Coxe's vision for industrialism intersect with pastoralism?
(a) Coxe predicted that industries would leave dead places in the environment when they collapsed.
(b) Coxe prophesied that extractive industries would ruin the landscape.
(c) Coxe thought that factories would blight the landscape.
(d) Coxe thought that America's environment would make the factory a pastoral place.

3. What type of society was America (in the time of Marx's writing)?
(a) Rural.
(b) Suburban.
(c) Urban.
(d) Non-agrarian.

4. What would men of reason provide in Emerson's vision?
(a) Arts.
(b) Political strife.
(c) Science.
(d) Leadership.

5. What conclusion about technology does the narrator reach at the end of Twain's Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court?
(a) Progress changes the course of human nature.
(b) Nature ultimately conquered industrial man.
(c) Primitive human psychology is inescapable.
(d) Society's benefits do not outweigh its costs.

6. What did Henry Adams envision as the consequence of technology?
(a) The unification of humans and nature.
(b) Disaffection, alienation, and disease.
(c) The unification of knowledge in one science.
(d) The human race committing suicide.

7. What feature of modern society came into existence with American industrialism?
(a) Total warfare.
(b) Strikes and riots.
(c) Laissez-fair class structure.
(d) Unionization.

8. Which term describes the title of Marx's epilogue?
(a) Synecdoche.
(b) Apostrophe.
(c) Paradox.
(d) Personification.

9. What did Coxe foresee for America?
(a) The danger of industrialism.
(b) How industrialism would give America strength internationally.
(c) The value of industrialism.
(d) The civic uses of industrialism.

10. What is Ishmael's task, in Marx's description of Melville's vision in Moby Dick?
(a) To reconcile nature and society.
(b) To kill the white whale.
(c) To save the ship.
(d) To restrain Ahab.

11. What has happened to the ideal of the pastoral society, in Marx's opinion?
(a) It is a token belief.
(b) It is a governing principle.
(c) It has replaced the industrial utopia.
(d) It has become the rallying cry for opposition to industrial modernism.

12. How would you describe Marx's book 'The Machine in the Garden'?
(a) Academic.
(b) Prophetic.
(c) Scientific.
(d) Political.

13. What dangers were writers warning about as America urbanized?
(a) Loss of nature.
(b) Decline of morals.
(c) Creation of a permanently poor underclass.
(d) Declining value of money.

14. Who does Marx say will *not* contribute to reversing the trend toward urbanization and industrialization?
(a) Urban planners.
(b) Artists.
(c) Farmers.
(d) Activists.

15. What is Marx's tone throughout 'The Machine in the Garden'?
(a) Scientific and analytical.
(b) Analytical and pessimistic.
(c) Reverential and despairing by turns.
(d) Optimistic and casual.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does industrialism devalue man, in Carlyle's opinion?

2. What effect did Carlyle say industrialism would have?

3. What did Emerson say that science and technology could serve?

4. What did Emerson originally propose in his philosophy?

5. What does the ocean symbolize in Melville's Moby Dick?

(see the answer keys)

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