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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was Daniel Webster's feeling about pastoralism?
(a) He thought it could co-exist with technology.
(b) He thought it would heal industrialism.
(c) He thought it would corrupt America's soul.
(d) He set out national parks to preserve pastoral spaces.

2. How does industrialism devalue man, in Carlyle's opinion?
(a) It uses only one part of him.
(b) It discourages invention.
(c) It requires long hours in dark factories.
(d) It treats him as a commodity.

3. What defines complex pastoralism?
(a) Acceptance of history.
(b) Industrial machinery fostering nature.
(c) Refusal to let sentimental pastoralism lapse.
(d) Redemption of the alienation that comes from industrial modernity.

4. What was Daniel Webster's take on industrialism?
(a) He lamented the changing structure of society.
(b) He used it to his profit.
(c) He loathed the railroad.
(d) He embraced the new power.

5. What conclusion about technology does the narrator reach at the end of Twain's Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court?
(a) Primitive human psychology is inescapable.
(b) Nature ultimately conquered industrial man.
(c) Progress changes the course of human nature.
(d) Society's benefits do not outweigh its costs.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Melville describe whaling?

2. What is the consequence of knowing nature, according to Twain's work?

3. How does Marx describe the pastoralism of the 19th century?

4. What trait did American thinkers and writers see in evidence in America's industrial expansion?

5. When was man supposed to return to nature, in Thoreau's vision?

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the roles of men of understanding and men of reason in Emerson's vision?

2. How did Emerson reconcile machines and nature?

3. What is complex pastoral ideology, and where does Marx see it in evidence?

4. What was Tench Coxe's contribution to the American pastoral ideal?

5. How did Ralph Waldo Emerson see nature?

6. How does Marx categorize modern man's attitude toward the pastoral ideal in terms of the authors he has analyzed?

7. What was Mark Twain's stance on technology and nature in Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court?

8. What is the future of the pastoral ideal in Marx's view at the end of the epilogue?

9. How did Emerson react to industrialism?

10. How did Henry Adam's reconcile pastoralism and industrialism?

(see the answer keys)

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