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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How does Marx describe the pastoralism of the 19th century?
(a) Romantic.
(b) Sentimental.
(c) Industrial.
(d) Modern.

2. How does Marx predict the trend toward urbanization and industrialization will be reversed?
(a) By resource depletion.
(b) By politics.
(c) By popular uprisings.
(d) By market changes.

3. What does fire symbolize in Hawthorne's The Unpardonable Sin?
(a) Man's desire for progress.
(b) The demonic element in factories.
(c) Chaotic forces of nature.
(d) Intellect.

4. How do modern authors, Marx included, tend to feel about preserving nature in an industrial world?
(a) Exuberant.
(b) Zealous.
(c) Cautiously optimistic.
(d) Pessimistic.

5. How many Americans lived on farms by the end of the 19th century?
(a) 99%.
(b) 75%.
(c) 90%.
(d) 40%.

Short Answer Questions

1. What do complex pastoralists recognize, in Marx's account?

2. What effect did Carlyle say industrialism would have?

3. What feeling characterized the beginning of Mark Twain's writing career?

4. When was man supposed to return to nature, in Thoreau's vision?

5. How did Coxe's vision for industrialism intersect with pastoralism?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the 'Garden of Ashes' a reference to?

2. What was the dark side of industrialism, in most writers' eyes?

3. How did Emerson reconcile machines and nature?

4. What was Mark Twain's stance on technology and nature in Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court?

5. How does Marx characterize the modern response to pastoralism?

6. How did Daniel Webster describe industrialism?

7. What was the context in which Marx was writing the epilogue?

8. What is the role of industry in Melville's Moby Dick?

9. How would you characterize Marx's own view about pastoralism?

10. How did Ralph Waldo Emerson see nature?

(see the answer keys)

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