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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Emerson's philosophy ultimately propose?
(a) Urbanization of nature.
(b) Reconciliation of industry and nature.
(c) Rejection of industry.
(d) Domestication of nature.

2. What thinkers does Marx say followed Carlyle's critique of industrialism?
(a) Hegel and Marx.
(b) William James and John Dewey.
(c) Derrida and Foucault.
(d) Lenin and Stalin.

3. What does modern man hope for, in spite of industrialism?
(a) Cooperation with nature.
(b) Greater and greater resource use.
(c) Limits on pollution.
(d) Reform for pollution.

4. What was the general feeling about industrialism in America, as it expanded?
(a) Positivism.
(b) Caution.
(c) Optimism.
(d) Doubt.

5. What was unique about American manufacturing, in Coxe's view?
(a) The raw materials were limitless.
(b) The environment would keep it healthy.
(c) Markets were waiting for American goods.
(d) It presented enormous economic opportunities.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Emerson describe the relationship between the east and the west?

2. What type of society was America (in the time of Marx's writing)?

3. Which industry has Marx talked most about, in 'The Machine in the Garden'?

4. What is the consequence of knowing nature, according to Twain's work?

5. What else does Marx say about people who live pastoral lives?

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the roles of men of understanding and men of reason in Emerson's vision?

2. What was the context in which Marx was writing the epilogue?

3. What is the purpose of an epilogue?

4. How did Emerson reconcile machines and nature?

5. How does Marx characterize the modern response to pastoralism?

6. How did Emerson react to industrialism?

7. What was the dark side of industrialism, in most writers' eyes?

8. How developed was the land at the end of the 18th century?

9. What was John Orvis' reaction to industrialism?

10. How does Marx categorize modern man's attitude toward the pastoral ideal in terms of the authors he has analyzed?

(see the answer keys)

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