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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Marx say about man's hopes for nature?
(a) They are realistic.
(b) They will create wars.
(c) They are just a dream.
(d) They are destructive.

2. What does Marx say Thoreau wanted people to do in nature?
(a) Invent.
(b) Meditate.
(c) Organize.
(d) Hide.

3. How does Marx say modern Americans see nature?
(a) As sublime.
(b) As divine.
(c) As bountiful.
(d) As expendable.

4. How did Melville describe whaling?
(a) As a spiritual calling.
(b) As an industrial enterprise.
(c) As a symbol of society.
(d) As an art.

5. What was the effect of industrialism in Thoreau's vision?
(a) Military developments had made technology deadlier than ever.
(b) Industry had generated enormous wealth.
(c) Man had become a slave to his tools.
(d) Machines had improved daily life for millions.

Short Answer Questions

1. What would men of understanding provide in Emerson's vision?

2. What criticism did Carlyle make of American industrialism?

3. How does Marx say most American writers described industrial expansion?

4. What did Emerson's philosophy ultimately propose?

5. What would men of reason provide in Emerson's vision?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was Tench Coxe's contribution to the American pastoral ideal?

2. What was Mark Twain's stance on technology and nature in Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court?

3. What is complex pastoral ideology, and where does Marx see it in evidence?

4. What is the role of industry in Melville's Moby Dick?

5. How does Marx describe modern man's relationship with the pastoral ideal?

6. How did Daniel Webster describe industrialism?

7. What does Marx say the ship Pequod symbolizes in Melville's Moby Dick?

8. What is the 'Garden of Ashes' a reference to?

9. How did Henry Adam's reconcile pastoralism and industrialism?

10. How did the pastoral ideal redeem the horrors of industrialism?

(see the answer keys)

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