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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What would men of reason provide in Emerson's vision?
(a) Leadership.
(b) Arts.
(c) Political strife.
(d) Science.

2. What would men of understanding provide in Emerson's vision?
(a) Literature.
(b) Religion.
(c) Technology.
(d) Leadership.

3. What does Marx say Thoreau wanted people to do in nature?
(a) Meditate.
(b) Hide.
(c) Invent.
(d) Organize.

4. How did Thoreau describe modern man?
(a) Torn apart by his desires.
(b) Poised at the boundary between nature and industry.
(c) Unhappy in factories.
(d) Free in the wilderness.

5. How does industrialism devalue man, in Carlyle's opinion?
(a) It treats him as a commodity.
(b) It uses only one part of him.
(c) It discourages invention.
(d) It requires long hours in dark factories.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does Marx say modern Americans see nature?

2. How would you describe Marx's book 'The Machine in the Garden'?

3. What does Marx point out accompanied factories and progress in transportation?

4. What 'sealed the fate' of American industrialism, according to Marx?

5. What conflict does Marx say was avoided as America expanded?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Marx characterize the modern response to pastoralism?

2. How would you characterize Marx's own view about pastoralism?

3. What view does Marx ascribe to Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, Tocqueville and Twain in common?

4. What was Mark Twain's stance on technology and nature in Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court?

5. What was America's first response to steam power in England?

6. How did Ralph Waldo Emerson see nature?

7. What does fire symbolize in Hawthorne's 'The Unpardonable Sin'?

8. What is the role of industry in Melville's Moby Dick?

9. What is the future of the pastoral ideal in Marx's view at the end of the epilogue?

10. What was the dark side of industrialism, in most writers' eyes?

(see the answer keys)

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