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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was Daniel Webster's feeling about pastoralism?
(a) He thought it could co-exist with technology.
(b) He set out national parks to preserve pastoral spaces.
(c) He thought it would corrupt America's soul.
(d) He thought it would heal industrialism.

2. What did Emerson say that science and technology could serve?
(a) Corrupt men.
(b) A rural ideal.
(c) A destructive god.
(d) Powerless men.

3. What skill did Twain idealize?
(a) The steam locomotive engineer's control over the train.
(b) The riverboat pilot's knowledge of the river.
(c) The engineer's ability to bridge rivers.
(d) The Indian soldier's warfare.

4. What would men of understanding provide in Emerson's vision?
(a) Literature.
(b) Religion.
(c) Leadership.
(d) Technology.

5. What defines complex pastoralism?
(a) Industrial machinery fostering nature.
(b) Acceptance of history.
(c) Redemption of the alienation that comes from industrial modernity.
(d) Refusal to let sentimental pastoralism lapse.

Short Answer Questions

1. What part of man remained free of industrialism, in Carlyle's view?

2. What does the ocean symbolize in Melville's Moby Dick?

3. What else does Marx say about people who live pastoral lives?

4. What did Coxe contrast manufacturing with?

5. What criticism did Carlyle make of American industrialism?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Marx characterize the modern response to pastoralism?

2. What was the dark side of industrialism, in most writers' eyes?

3. How did Emerson reconcile machines and nature?

4. What view does Marx ascribe to Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, Tocqueville and Twain in common?

5. What does Marx say the ship Pequod symbolizes in Melville's Moby Dick?

6. How did Thoreau reconcile machines and nature?

7. How did Daniel Webster describe industrialism?

8. How does Marx categorize modern man's attitude toward the pastoral ideal in terms of the authors he has analyzed?

9. What does fire symbolize in Hawthorne's 'The Unpardonable Sin'?

10. How did Ralph Waldo Emerson see nature?

(see the answer keys)

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