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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which school of criticism does Marx belong to?
(a) New Criticism.
(b) Deconstruction.
(c) New Historicism.
(d) Psychoanalytic criticism.

2. What would manufacturing do for America, in Coxe's estimation?
(a) Unify the electorate.
(b) Ensure independence.
(c) Drive western expansion.
(d) Generate wealth.

3. How did Melville describe whaling?
(a) As a symbol of society.
(b) As a spiritual calling.
(c) As an industrial enterprise.
(d) As an art.

4. What was the effect of industrialism in Thoreau's vision?
(a) Man had become a slave to his tools.
(b) Military developments had made technology deadlier than ever.
(c) Machines had improved daily life for millions.
(d) Industry had generated enormous wealth.

5. Who was Tench Coxe?
(a) A New York financier.
(b) A Boston statesman.
(c) A Philadelphia inventor and statesman.
(d) A Philadelphia merchant.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is Marx's tone throughout 'The Machine in the Garden'?

2. How does Marx predict the trend toward urbanization and industrialization will be reversed?

3. What kinds of machines especially did Americans welcome at the end of the 18th century?

4. When was man supposed to return to nature, in Thoreau's vision?

5. What role has literature played in the formation of the culture Marx describes in 'The Machine in the Garden'?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Marx characterize the modern response to pastoralism?

2. How did the pastoral ideal redeem the horrors of industrialism?

3. How did Emerson reconcile machines and nature?

4. What is the role of industry in Melville's Moby Dick?

5. How developed was the land at the end of the 18th century?

6. What was Mark Twain's stance on technology and nature in Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court?

7. How did Henry Adam's reconcile pastoralism and industrialism?

8. What is the 'Garden of Ashes' a reference to?

9. What was John Orvis' reaction to industrialism?

10. What was the context in which Marx was writing the epilogue?

(see the answer keys)

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