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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What human structure did Barlowe describe America in terms of?
(a) Garden.
(b) Heaven.
(c) City.
(d) Church.

2. What economic consequence does the sentimental pastoral ideal engender?
(a) Tariffs on imported manufactured goods.
(b) Low taxes.
(c) Regulation of speculative investments.
(d) Farm subsidies.

3. What was the opposite of Barlowe's experience in his travels?
(a) Political intrigue.
(b) Sparse resources and unsafe territory.
(c) Storms and primitive land.
(d) Rocky soil and harsh laws.

4. How had feelings about nature changed by Jefferson's time?
(a) Nature had become a mirror for man's corrupt soul.
(b) Nature seemed divine and benevolent compared with corrupt man.
(c) Nature seemed chaotic and devilish compared with civilization.
(d) Nature seemed benevolent compared with the disordered city.

5. How were frontiersmen typically portrayed by easterners in Jefferson's time?
(a) As untamed.
(b) As civilizing agents.
(c) As epicures.
(d) As dilettantes.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Barlowe describe the indigenous people he encountered?

2. When did Robert Beverly write his history of Virginia?

3. What is the second reaction Marx describes to industrialism?

4. When did the assault on American pastoralism begin, in Marx's account?

5. What was it that Jefferson described as a threat to the moral center of democracy?

Short Essay Questions

1. What discovery does Marx say we find in Crevecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer?

2. What view did the colonists take of the New World in the early years of colonization?

3. How did Jefferson separate America and Europe in his Notes on Virginia?

4. What is the sentimental pastoral ideal?

5. Where has the pastoral ideal been apparent in American culture?

6. What characters does Marx cite as examples of people who have gone through those three stages?

7. When did complex pastoral ideology begin to appear in American culture?

8. What feature of American culture allowed Jefferson's ideal to survive for 100 years?

9. How did Jefferson change his view on industrialism?

10. What are the three spatial stages a person goes through in pastoral ideal?

(see the answer keys)

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