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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Marx say Beverly felt about the New World, by the end of his history?
(a) Determined.
(b) Cautiously optimistic.
(c) Disappointed.
(d) Elated.

2. How was Hawthorne's description interrupted?
(a) By a merchant.
(b) By a railroad whistle.
(c) By a blue jay.
(d) By an Indian.

3. What form of art had reached a peak in Thomas Jefferson's time?
(a) Landscape painting.
(b) Trompe l'oeil paintings.
(c) Homeric versa.
(d) Terza rima.

4. What desire does Marx describe as the opposite of Barlowe's view?
(a) The desire to know the earth mystically.
(b) The desire to convert the savages.
(c) The desire to tame the landscape.
(d) The desire to make the earth productive.

5. What is the first stage of life that Marx describes through Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'?
(a) Life in the city.
(b) Life in nature.
(c) Life in religion.
(d) Return to nature.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did a uniquely American pastoral image emerge?

2. What did Jefferson want to keep in Europe?

3. When did Robert Beverly write his history of Virginia?

4. How have liberal thinkers portrayed the sentimental pastoral ideal, in Marx's account?

5. What were Beverly's sources for his history of Virginia?

Short Essay Questions

1. What feature of American culture allowed Jefferson's ideal to survive for 100 years?

2. How does Shakespeare demonstrate the impossibility of the pastoral ideal?

3. How did colonists see America?

4. What are the three spatial stages a person goes through in pastoral ideal?

5. What view typified the opposite of the bountiful-Edenic image of the New World?

6. When did the pastoral ideal become a part of American culture?

7. How had Shakespeare learned about conditions in America?

8. How did Jefferson separate America and Europe in his Notes on Virginia?

9. How did Jefferson describe the frontier in his Notes on Virginia?

10. How did Robert Beverly describe the New World in his History?

(see the answer keys)

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