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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What do liberal thinkers say the sentimental pastoral ideal results in, according to Marx?
(a) Reactionary philosophy.
(b) Ignorance and apathy.
(c) Industrial developments.
(d) Peace movements.

2. What secondary plot does Marx see as important for his purposes?
(a) The struggle for domination over nature.
(b) The struggle for poetic expression.
(c) The conflict over resource use.
(d) The conflict over resource use.

3. What piece by Nathaniel Hawthorne does Marx treat as emblematic of American pastoralism?
(a) The Celestial Railroad.
(b) Mosses from an Old Manse.
(c) Sleepy Hollow Notes.
(d) The Marble Faun.

4. What does an individual gain by passing through these three spatial stages?
(a) A middle ground between city and country.
(b) A high ground in terms of religious experience.
(c) Maturity.
(d) Legitimacy as an American.

5. How do Americans express their sentimental pastoral ideal?
(a) By making green spaces.
(b) By mining resources.
(c) By building cities.
(d) By conserving.

Short Answer Questions

1. What human structure did Barlowe describe America in terms of?

2. How did Jefferson describe the representative man in Notes on Virginia?

3. What was the opposite of Barlowe's experience in his travels?

4. What aspects of European civilization were the Virginia settlers glad to leave behind, in Beverly's history?

5. What threat to the country's moral superiority had developed by Jefferson's time?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Marx describe the value of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' in 'The Machine in the Garden'?

2. What view typified the opposite of the bountiful-Edenic image of the New World?

3. When did the pastoral ideal become a part of American culture?

4. How did Jefferson describe the frontier in his Notes on Virginia?

5. How does Marx describe the ambiguity of existence Beverly hit on?

6. What feature of American culture allowed Jefferson's ideal to survive for 100 years?

7. What is the consequence of the pastoral ideal?

8. How long does Marx say the pastoral ideal has endured?

9. In what way does the railroad symbolize the industrial intrusion into a pastoral idyll?

10. How did Robert Beverly describe the New World in his History?

(see the answer keys)

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