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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Beverly describe as the paradox of existence in the New World?
(a) Settlers wanted a paradise, but replicated their towns and government.
(b) Natives wanted progress, but then they hated themselves.
(c) Settlers brought progress, but the natives didn't want it.
(d) Whites wanted peace with the natives, but took their land to start wars.

2. What does Marx relate Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' to?
(a) American colonization.
(b) Political intrigue.
(c) Indigenous people.
(d) Natural spirituality.

3. What associations were suggested by Marx's leading symbol of industrialism?
(a) Efficiency, control, and profit.
(b) Power, productivity, and order.
(c) Steam, progress, and control over the ocean.
(d) Fire, smoke and speed.

4. How had feelings about nature changed by Jefferson's time?
(a) Nature seemed chaotic and devilish compared with civilization.
(b) Nature seemed benevolent compared with the disordered city.
(c) Nature seemed divine and benevolent compared with corrupt man.
(d) Nature had become a mirror for man's corrupt soul.

5. What did Jefferson ultimately conclude about industrialism?
(a) That it had to be developed.
(b) That it had to be suppressed.
(c) That it had to balance efficiencies with creating employment opportunities.
(d) That it had to be aligned with public virtues.

Short Answer Questions

1. How do Americans express their sentimental pastoral ideal?

2. What were Beverly's sources for his history of Virginia?

3. What was Jefferson's ideal of equality democracy founded on?

4. What aspects of European civilization were the Virginia settlers glad to leave behind, in Beverly's history?

5. What does pastoral ideology conflict with, in Marx's account?

Short Essay Questions

1. What view typified the opposite of the bountiful-Edenic image of the New World?

2. How does Shakespeare demonstrate the impossibility of the pastoral ideal?

3. How did Shakespeare's characters describe the ideal society?

4. What is complex pastoral ideology?

5. How does Marx describe the value of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' in 'The Machine in the Garden'?

6. How did colonists see America?

7. What is the consequence of the pastoral ideal?

8. What feature of American culture allowed Jefferson's ideal to survive for 100 years?

9. Where has the pastoral ideal been apparent in American culture?

10. How had Shakespeare learned about conditions in America?

(see the answer keys)

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