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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. America was depicted as a paradise that was also what, in Marx's account?
(a) A source for good in the Old World.
(b) A place of hardship.
(c) A place of redemption.
(d) A refuge.

2. What did Beverly describe as the paradox of existence in the New World?
(a) Settlers brought progress, but the natives didn't want it.
(b) Natives wanted progress, but then they hated themselves.
(c) Whites wanted peace with the natives, but took their land to start wars.
(d) Settlers wanted a paradise, but replicated their towns and government.

3. What does Marx relate Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' to?
(a) Indigenous people.
(b) Political intrigue.
(c) American colonization.
(d) Natural spirituality.

4. What writer does Marx credit with beginning the theme of pastoralism in literature?
(a) Virgil.
(b) Plato.
(c) Hawthorne.
(d) Homer.

5. What does an individual gain by passing through these three spatial stages?
(a) A high ground in terms of religious experience.
(b) Legitimacy as an American.
(c) Maturity.
(d) A middle ground between city and country.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the third stage of life that Marx describes through Shakespeare's 'The Tempest'?

2. What allowed America to preserve Jeffersonian ideals for 100 years after Jefferson wrote about them?

3. What is the heart of the pastoral ideal?

4. What does pastoral ideology conflict with, in Marx's account?

5. What was the opposite of Barlowe's experience in his travels?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did colonists see America?

2. What contradiction marks the early accounts of the New World, according to Marx?

3. What is the sentimental pastoral ideal?

4. What discovery does Marx say we find in Crevecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer?

5. How does Shakespeare demonstrate the impossibility of the pastoral ideal?

6. How does Marx describe the ambiguity of existence Beverly hit on?

7. How long does Marx say the pastoral ideal has endured?

8. What is complex pastoral ideology?

9. How does Marx describe the value of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' in 'The Machine in the Garden'?

10. What is the pastoral ideal?

(see the answer keys)

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