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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Marx say is unique about pastoralism in the industrial age in America?
(a) The railroad blurred the boundary between city and country.
(b) People began to be able to visit the country from the city.
(c) People stopped living on farms in the late 1700s.
(d) Southern plantations were the first farms to perform agriculture on an industrial scale.

2. How had the Enlightenment changed pastoral thought, in Marx's account?
(a) Colonization had subdued the natives and killed off predatory animals.
(b) Engineers could shape nature more efficiently.
(c) Factories had subjugated nature.
(d) Nature commanded new respect.

3. What would Gonzalo's ideal be characterized by?
(a) No need for language.
(b) No work.
(c) No government.
(d) No disparity between rich and poor.

4. What were Beverly's sources for his history of Virginia?
(a) The settlers' notes and journals.
(b) The sea captains' log books.
(c) Nautical charts.
(d) The King's records.

5. What does Marx point out was formed as a result of the Revolutionary War?
(a) An industrial capacity.
(b) Opposition to expansion.
(c) Filthy cities.
(d) Corrupt government.

Short Answer Questions

1. What associations were suggested by Marx's leading symbol of industrialism?

2. America was depicted as a paradise that was also what, in Marx's account?

3. Where was Hawthorne when he wrote the piece Marx analyzed?

4. How were frontiersmen typically portrayed by easterners in Jefferson's time?

5. What did the settlers find appealing about the New World?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the pastoral ideal?

2. How did Jefferson change his view on industrialism?

3. In what way does the railroad symbolize the industrial intrusion into a pastoral idyll?

4. What are the three spatial stages a person goes through in pastoral ideal?

5. What is the sentimental pastoral ideal?

6. When did complex pastoral ideology begin to appear in American culture?

7. What does Marx mean when he says that America offered a middle way for men?

8. What view typified the opposite of the bountiful-Edenic image of the New World?

9. How does Marx describe the ambiguity of existence Beverly hit on?

10. What ideal does the conclusion to Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' suggest, in Marx's interpretation?

(see the answer keys)

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