2. What does Bakhtin consider the "symposium" of Medieval grotesque realism?
(a) Bear-baiting in the town square.
(b) Vows spoken between lovers.
(c) The tradition of festive speech.
(d) Refereed debates between two clergymen.

3. The principle of "negation" in popular-festive imagery is always:
(a) Vulgar and dirty: always having to do with the material body lower stratum.
(b) Spiritual and sacred: following the doctrines of the Catholic Church.
(c) Tangible and obvious: one thing turned about for another.
(d) Abstract and theoretical: imaginary rather than actualized.

4. In Medieval satires, the dismemberment of portions of the body relates to:
(a) The separate portions of society.
(b) The human body itself.
(c) The topography of the continents.
(d) The general conception of the divine.

5. What are examples of that which Bakhtin calls "cosmic terrors"?
(a) Violent beings from another universe.
(b) Atheists who insult and threaten God.
(c) The sky, the sea, and natural disasters.
(d) Vengeful pagan deities.

6. Bakhtin asserts that Rabelais' language, and the language of Renaissance France, was above all:
(a) Strict and immobile.
(b) Lacking foreign influence.
(c) Stagnant and dead.
(d) Free and flexible.

7. Goethe traces the roots of Carnival to the:
(a) Phoenicians.
(b) Romans.
(c) Mesopotamians.
(d) Greeks.

8. Bakhtin discusses "Cyprian's Supper," which is a play about:
(a) Figures from the Bible at a great feast.
(b) A wedding banquet for a prince.
(c) A man who fasted for a year.
(d) Greed which results in a shortage of food.

9. How does Bakhtin say Ivan the Terrible of Russia was similar to Rabelais?
(a) He also was a prolific and controversial writer.
(b) They both fought bloody battles against the reigning monarch.
(c) He too challenged old political and social structures.
(d) They both travelled anonymously to Carnival festivities.

10. What happened to Rabelais after his novel was published?
(a) He was questioned about his loyalty to France, then drafted into the army.
(b) He was severely censured by the Church, then imprisoned and killed.
(c) He was attacked by the Church and the government, but he remained free and successful.
(d) He was praised for his honest portrayals of the people and given a government pension.

11. Bakhtin asserts that man introduces the world to himself primarily through which act?
(a) Eating.
(b) Sexual intercourse.
(c) Observing nature.
(d) Conversation.

12. In grotesque realism, the body is most often represented as:
(a) Several separate units fighting with each other for superiority.
(b) A whole unit, interior merged with exterior.
(c) A faulty copy of the Divine.
(d) Subordinate to the higher functions of the brain.

13. Bakhtin asserts that in Rabelais' time, food and banquets always contained a sense of:
(a) Intellectual stimulation.
(b) Physical discomfort.
(c) Depression and resignation.
(d) Victory and regeneration.

14. What does Rabelais associate closely with the underworld?
(a) The depths of the human heart.
(b) Mountains and ridges.
(c) Various types of holes.
(d) Bodily depression after too much feasting.

15. How is a "prophetic riddle" game carnivalesque in nature?
(a) It stresses the destruction of the established order and hierarchy of society.
(b) It stresses the importance of feasting and drinking.
(c) It is always sung in a rhymed singsong tone.
(d) It focuses on gaiety and humor.