1. Comic rituals in Medieval and Renaissance Europe were:
(a) Freed of the trappings of religious dogma and mysticism.
(b) All that which linked the living to the dead.
(c) Necessary to mercantile transactions.
(d) Taboo in all settings but the royal court.

2. What was the reception of Rabelais' work in the eighteenth century?
(a) His work was viewed as unintelligible and barbaric.
(b) His work was viewed as a revival of Classical writing.
(c) Other writers used his topics as a jumping-off point for their own works.
(d) Other writers strove to emulate his style.

3. The combination of solemnity and joking in the tone of the Prologue to the Third Book indicates:
(a) The complex explanation of the Prologue to the readers.
(b) The opinion that humor must be subordinate to seriousness.
(c) The importance and necessity of laughter.
(d) The confusion the author experiences with this combination.

4. What does Bakhtin argue is the role of dialogue?
(a) To oppose the authoritarian word.
(b) To demonstrate thinking out loud.
(c) To move the plot along.
(d) To give one character a strong voice.

5. Which answer best describes "grotesque realism"?
(a) The writing must strive to be as mathematically or geometrically accurate as possible in its descriptions.
(b) The tone of the writing is always dark, Gothic, and depressing.
(c) The bodily element is universal, celebratory, positive, and exaggerated.
(d) The author's focus must be on bodily gore, blood, death, and dying.