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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 4, Chapter 2 - The Language of the Marketplace.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In which twentieth-century movement was the grotesque especially evident?
(a) Impressionism.
(b) Expressionism.
(c) Futurism.
(d) Modernism.

2. With what portion of the body is grotesque debasement most concerned?
(a) The head and eyes.
(b) The material lower stratum.
(c) The spiritual interior essence.
(d) The arms and legs.

3. How are Bakhtin and Rabelais similar?
(a) They live in the same country.
(b) They both write mostly novels.
(c) They both subvert the social prohibition on laughter, satire, and irony.
(d) They both directly challenge the government by running for political office.

4. What is "man's second nature," according to Renaissance Christian doctrine?
(a) The celebratory but degrading impulse toward gluttony, scatology, and sex.
(b) Man's higher spiritual calling.
(c) The thoughtfulness of the individual mind.
(d) The way people act differently around those of another social class.

5. What do oaths and curses have in common with town announcements and the calls of vendors?
(a) They are the only socially acceptable methods of greeting strangers.
(b) They all are forbidden during certain times of the year.
(c) They all are familiar parts of the society of the marketplace.
(d) They are all said with the same feelings in mind.

Short Answer Questions

1. What are the "intelligentsia"?

2. Which answer best describes "grotesque realism"?

3. In the folklore and grotesque realism of Rabelais' works, excrement represents bodies and matter that are:

4. What do Rabelais' various works indicate about the popular notion of urination?

5. What do some critics argue has been absent from Russian literature?

(see the answer key)

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