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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Eagleton, what "staggering fact" could not be put right by a theoretical technique?
(a) There was no time in history where women and men were antagonists.
(b) That there was no time in history where half of the human race was not considered inferior.
(c) There was no time in history where half of the human race fought for equality.
(d) That there was no time in history where women were not considered superior.

2. According to Jacques Lacan, what is the "symbolic order"?
(a) It is the emergence of an imaginary conflict with the parental figures.
(b) It is the pre-given structure of social and sexual desires that make up a self.
(c) It is the pre-given structure of social and sexual roles that make up the family and society.
(d) It is the reconciliation of an imaginary conflict with the parental figures.

3. What does Sigmund Freud see as the "royal road" to the unconscious?
(a) Education.
(b) Therapy.
(c) Dreams.
(d) Sex.

4. What aspect of Jacques Lacan's work is of particular interest to literary theorists?
(a) Lacan's work on women.
(b) Lacan's work on religion.
(c) Lacan's work on history.
(d) Lacan's work on language.

5. What is the difference between metaphor and metonymy?
(a) In metaphor one sign is subtituted for another; in metonymy one sign is associated with another.
(b) In metaphor one sign is equal to another; in metonymy one sign is less than another.
(c) In metaphor one sign is privileged over another; in metonymy one sign is associated with another.
(d) In metaphor one sign is substituted for another; in metonymy one sign is privileged over another.

6. What commonality does structuralism and phenomenology share, according to Eagleton?
(a) They both shut out the material world in order to revert to pre-consciousness.
(b) They both immerse themselves in the material world in order to understand the subconscious.
(c) They both shut out the material world in order to understand our consciousness of it.
(d) They both immerse themselves in the material world in order to become conscious of it.

7. According to Eagleton, "the tactic of _________criticism ... is to show how texts come to embarrass their own ruling systems of logic."
(a) Psychoanalytic.
(b) Post-structuralist.
(c) Deconstructive.
(d) Feminist.

8. When did Sigmund Freud develop psychoanalysis?
(a) Late-nineteenth century.
(b) Mid-nineteenth century.
(c) Mid-twentieth century.
(d) Late-twentieth century.

9. According to Eagleton, why did intellectuals preoccupy themselves with language in the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries?
(a) Because discourse had become irrelevant in industrial society.
(b) Because discourse had become degraded to an instrument of industrial capitalism.
(c) Because discourse had become an instrument of opposition in academia.
(d) Because discourse had become elevated by intellectuals.

10. What three neurotic symptoms can a person develop that are the result of internal conflict, according to Sigmund Freud?
(a) Fatigue, pain, and depression.
(b) Pain, hysteria, and fatigue.
(c) Obsession, hysteria, and phobia.
(d) Obsession, phobia, and depression.

11. The English philosopher J. L. Austin saw language as what?
(a) Penultimate.
(b) Progressive.
(c) Performative.
(d) Pejorative.

12. Roland Barthes "double" sign is the "grandchild" of what kind of language of the Formalist and Czech structuralists?
(a) Temporal.
(b) Estranged.
(c) Unconscious.
(d) Religious.

13. According to Sigmund Freud, what distinguishes humans from other animals?
(a) We have unfulfilled desires.
(b) We are born helpless and dependent.
(c) We mature early and die later.
(d) We experience pain.

14. In American deconstruction, why does literary criticism become an "ironic, uneasy business"?
(a) Because it lays bare the permanence of meaning.
(b) Because it lays bare the temporality of meaning.
(c) Because it lays bare the illusoriness of meaning.
(d) Because it lays bare the physicality of meaning.

15. According to Eagleton, "the idea that there are 'non-political' forms of criticism" is a what?
(a) Reality.
(b) Ideal.
(c) Myth.
(d) Fact.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Eagleton, structuralism has proved that there is nothing _____ about codes.

2. According to Eagleton, there are forms of post-structuralism that represent what kind of withdrawal from history?

3. In psychoanalytic treatment, what happens during transference?

4. Why is psychosis difficult to cope with, according to Sigmund Freud?

5. What does Sigmund Freud call the first stage of sexual life?

(see the answer keys)

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