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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What percentage of Puerto Ricans voted for independent nationhood?

2. Most slaves worked in the farming of what product?

3. Which Western country imported the most slaves?

4. In California, Japanese immigrants initiated what two business models?

5. How did many of the Japanese regard the United States during the 19th century?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why is it particularly difficult to measure advancement in the immigrant Puerto Rican community?

2. What are some socioeconomic results of early marriages and high fertility rates among Puerto Rican immigrants?

3. What negative effects did total dependence have on the slave population?

4. In what ways did geography contribute to the perpetuation of slavery?

5. Why were most early Chinese immigrants to the U.S. sojourners?

6. What was unusual about the Japanese government's approach to emigration to the U.S.?

7. Why was marriage among slaves encouraged by slave owners?

8. What factors make Puerto Rican immigrants unique?

9. What factors account for Chinese success in the United States?

10. What obstacles to progress were faced by emancipated slaves?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In what ways are socioeconomic differences influenced by location in the host country? What keeps immigrants from moving to the most desirable spots? In your essay, examine the factors that cause immigrant groups to cluster where they do, and what effect that clustering has on their assimilation and economic success.

Essay Topic 2

In an essay, analyze how overcrowding in immigrant communities impacted their health and hygiene. Consider such factors as fires, scarcity of water for those doing dirty jobs, fights, and pestilence as well as diseases.

Essay Topic 3

Write an essay in which you explore the responses of various immigrant groups to the discrimination against them in the United States. Consider which responses led to successful assimilation over time, and support your opinion about the best way to deal with discrimination with data from the text.

(see the answer keys)

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