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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was a "tong?"

2. What occupations did Chinese immigrants typically take in the mining camps?

3. By 1970, which city had the most Puerto Ricans?

4. How many slaves came to the Western Hemisphere?

5. What was unique among immigrant groups about Chinese population size in the U.S.?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was unique about the slave population of the United States when compared with slaves in other countries?

2. How do Puerto Ricans compare economically with other immigrant groups?

3. What obstacles to progress were faced by emancipated slaves?

4. In what ways did geography contribute to the perpetuation of slavery?

5. How are black Americans both the oldest and the youngest immigrant group?

6. Why was marriage among slaves encouraged by slave owners?

7. Why did most Chinese immigrants work in laundries and restaurants in the U.S.?

8. Why has Mexican immigration divided the mainstream population?

9. What anti-Japanese legislation in California caused problems for the Japanese immigrants?

10. What was unusual about the Japanese government's approach to emigration to the U.S.?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Write a persuasive essay debating the topic "Geography is destiny." Consider the long-range effects on several generations of such factors as the suitability of Ireland's soil for growing the ingredients for hard liquor and the effect on Italian farmers who lived on the hillsides to avoid malaria, while working farms in the valleys.

Essay Topic 2

Select one ethnic group for which you will explore how the cultural values that came with them from their country of origin affected their assimilation into the culture of the United States. For example, what effect did Jewish dietary laws and ritual cleansing have on them? What effect did Italian emphasis on self-reliance have on them when they became immigrants?

Essay Topic 3

Recent immigrants have been shown to surpass more established immigrants of the same ethnicity in education and socioeconomic success. In your essay, give examples of this phenomenon and your opinion about its causes.

(see the answer keys)

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