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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What diseases plagued the Irish living in tenements?
(a) Cholera and tuberculosis.
(b) Smallpox and cholera.
(c) Tuberculosis and typhoid fever.
(d) Typhoid fever and smallpox.

2. What Irish product undermined the welfare of Irish people?
(a) Sabotage.
(b) Poetry.
(c) Potatoes.
(d) Whiskey.

3. By the end of the 19th century, who controlled 2/3 of the labor done in New York City?
(a) Labor unions.
(b) Poltical bosses.
(c) Italian padrone.
(d) White collar investors.

4. How did Europeans treat Jews as they became the only non-Christians on the continent?
(a) They were supported and helped.
(b) They were quietly disliked.
(c) They were persecuted, massacred and expelled.
(d) They were welcomed and venerated.

5. What kinds of skills did the Irish develop under an enemy government?
(a) Self-improvement.
(b) Organizing and circumventing government.
(c) Guerilla warfare.
(d) Spying.

6. How long was the voyage to America in a sailing vessel?
(a) From four to six months.
(b) From two to three weeks.
(c) From three to seven weeks.
(d) From one to three months.

7. Who developed the term "kike" to refer to Eastern European Jews in the U.S.?
(a) Blacks.
(b) The British.
(c) The Irish.
(d) German Jews.

8. What was the occupation of the German immigrants who landed in St. Louis and Milwaukee?
(a) Brewing beer.
(b) Farming.
(c) Construction.
(d) Peddling.

9. What was the average life expectancy of an Irish immigrant in the 19th century?
(a) Forty.
(b) Eighteen.
(c) Fifty-five.
(d) Thirty.

10. What was the occupation of the majority of Irish immigrants in the 19th century?
(a) Farming.
(b) Unskilled labor.
(c) Manufacturing.
(d) Glass blowing.

11. How did Jews who had survived persecution store their wealth?
(a) Gold and jewelry.
(b) Works of art.
(c) Home furnishings.
(d) Expensive clothes.

12. What area in the United States contained the greatest number of Jews ever assembled in one place on earth?
(a) Boston.
(b) Manhattan.
(c) Brooklyn.
(d) Philadelphia.

13. What distinguishes Italian emigration during the 20th century?
(a) All of the emigration is to the U.S.
(b) It is the slowest exodus from a single nation.
(c) More immigrants return to Italy than leave it.
(d) It is the largest exodus from a single nation.

14. How many people died of starvation or illness during the Great Famine of the 1840s in Ireland?
(a) Five hundred thousand.
(b) Two hundred thousand.
(c) One million.
(d) Five million.

15. Which group of Jews in New York were more established and wealthier?
(a) Yiddish-speaking Jews.
(b) Downtown Jews.
(c) Russian Jews.
(d) Uptown Jews.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what area did 19th century Germans consider themselves superior to Irish?

2. Where do most people of Irish ancestry live?

3. Who were the "Know-Nothings"?

4. The most affluent groups have experienced ________________ discrimination.

5. What tools have Jews traditionally used to respond to adversity?

(see the answer keys)

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