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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did the system of tenant farming undermine Irish initiative?
(a) All improvements were heavily taxed.
(b) All improvements belonged to the landowner.
(c) All improvements would be reversed.
(d) No improvements were permitted.

2. What is the largest single ethnic group in the U.S.?
(a) Italian.
(b) Irish.
(c) British.
(d) Mexican.

3. What early 20th century occupation was 90% done by Italians?
(a) Bootblacking.
(b) Ragpicking.
(c) Construction.
(d) Mining.

4. What percentage of immigrants from southern Italy returned home?
(a) 10%.
(b) 40%.
(c) 90%.
(d) 70%

5. Why did farmers in southern Italy live on hillsides?
(a) To hide from invaders.
(b) Because arable land was in the hills.
(c) To get a better view.
(d) To avoid malaria.

6. The highest fertility rates are found in groups with the ________________ incomes.
(a) Highest.
(b) Lowest.
(c) Fastest-growing.
(d) Most stable.

7. How long did it take to cross the Atlantic in a steamship?
(a) Ten months.
(b) Ten weeks.
(c) Ten days.
(d) Two months.

8. How did Italian immigrants to the U.S. regard education?
(a) With gratitude.
(b) With confusion.
(c) With hostility.
(d) With hope.

9. In what area did 19th century Irish consider themselves superior to Germans?
(a) Education.
(b) Sports.
(c) Americanization.
(d) Religion.

10. What caused repeated conflicts between the Scotch-Irish and the Celtic Irish immigrants who arrived later?
(a) Slavery.
(b) Religion.
(c) Education.
(d) Politics.

11. Which group formed the largest migration to America in the 19th century?
(a) Germans.
(b) Irish.
(c) Jews.
(d) Italians.

12. In what field did the Irish immigrants to America achieve their first successes?
(a) Politics.
(b) The arts.
(c) Science.
(d) Cuisine.

13. What advantages does northern Italy have over southern Italy, where most emigrants lived?
(a) Adequate rainfall and irrigation systems.
(b) Schools and colleges.
(c) Access to trading centers.
(d) Access to seaports.

14. How many years did a German indentured servant typically have to work to pay off his transportation to America?
(a) Eight to ten.
(b) Two to five.
(c) Three to seven.
(d) One to two.

15. What industry did most German immigrants pursue?
(a) Manufacturing.
(b) Publishing.
(c) Farming.
(d) Transportation.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which ethnic group has the highest fertility rates?

2. Where do most people of Irish ancestry live?

3. What does Sowell determine transient immigrants are less likely to do?

4. Before steamships, to what was sea travel for the immigrants directly tied?

5. Why was American farming foreign to the Irish immigrants?

(see the answer keys)

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