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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What nationality are the Pennsylvania Dutch?
(a) Belgian.
(b) Dutch.
(c) German.
(d) French.

2. What system did Italian immigrants use to finance business ventures?
(a) Credit unions.
(b) Crime syndicates.
(c) Mutual aid societies.
(d) Banks.

3. At the turn of the century, what was the population density of the lower East Side in New York?
(a) Five hundred people per acre.
(b) One hundred people per acre.
(c) Seven hundred people per acre.
(d) Two hundred people per acre.

4. What advantages does northern Italy have over southern Italy, where most emigrants lived?
(a) Adequate rainfall and irrigation systems.
(b) Access to seaports.
(c) Access to trading centers.
(d) Schools and colleges.

5. In what area did 19th century Germans consider themselves superior to Irish?
(a) Religion.
(b) Education.
(c) Sports.
(d) Americanization.

6. What tools have Jews traditionally used to respond to adversity?
(a) Charm and gregariousness.
(b) Resourcefulness and perserverance.
(c) Force and violence.
(d) Hatred and intimidation.

7. What advantage did European Jewish immigrants have in arriving in the United States?
(a) They were already accustomed to a rural environment.
(b) They already spoke English.
(c) They were already skilled farmers.
(d) They were already urbanized.

8. Before steamships, to what was sea travel for the immigrants directly tied?
(a) Occupations.
(b) Trade.
(c) Piracy.
(d) Weather conditions.

9. How did northern and southern Italian immigrants regard each other?
(a) As distant relatives.
(b) As long-lost friends.
(c) As part of the family system.
(d) As separate races of people.

10. What important social change did Germans bring to the mainstream culture?
(a) Respect for science.
(b) Stricter morals and mores.
(c) Promotion of family entertainment.
(d) Beer drinking.

11. What is the most affluent ethnic group in the U.S.?
(a) Japanese.
(b) Irish.
(c) Chinese.
(d) Jewish.

12. What is the largest single ethnic group in the U.S.?
(a) Irish.
(b) Mexican.
(c) Italian.
(d) British.

13. Which ethnic group got along best with the Indians?
(a) Germans.
(b) Scotch-Irish.
(c) Celtic Irish.
(d) British.

14. What Irish product undermined the welfare of Irish people?
(a) Whiskey.
(b) Potatoes.
(c) Sabotage.
(d) Poetry.

15. How did Italian immigrants to the U.S. regard education?
(a) With gratitude.
(b) With hope.
(c) With hostility.
(d) With confusion.

Short Answer Questions

1. What percentage of immigrants from southern Italy returned home?

2. What was the occupation of the German immigrants who landed in St. Louis and Milwaukee?

3. How many years did a German indentured servant typically have to work to pay off his transportation to America?

4. How many people died of starvation or illness during the Great Famine of the 1840s in Ireland?

5. Where did the majority of Celtic Irish congregate?

(see the answer keys)

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