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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The most affluent groups have experienced ________________ discrimination.
(a) No.
(b) Less.
(c) More.
(d) About the same.

2. Which group formed the largest migration to America in the 19th century?
(a) Germans.
(b) Italians.
(c) Irish.
(d) Jews.

3. What educational reform did Germans propose and support?
(a) Universities.
(b) Preschools.
(c) Kindergartens.
(d) Graduate schools.

4. What industry did most German immigrants pursue?
(a) Manufacturing.
(b) Transportation.
(c) Farming.
(d) Publishing.

5. What distinguishes Italian emigration during the 20th century?
(a) More immigrants return to Italy than leave it.
(b) All of the emigration is to the U.S.
(c) It is the largest exodus from a single nation.
(d) It is the slowest exodus from a single nation.

6. What was the average life expectancy of an Irish immigrant in the 19th century?
(a) Thirty.
(b) Forty.
(c) Fifty-five.
(d) Eighteen.

7. How many people died of starvation or illness during the Great Famine of the 1840s in Ireland?
(a) Two hundred thousand.
(b) Five hundred thousand.
(c) One million.
(d) Five million.

8. What industry occupied nearly half of Russian Jews prior to their emigration to the U.S.?
(a) Farming.
(b) Transportation.
(c) Publishing.
(d) Clothing production.

9. What nationality are the Pennsylvania Dutch?
(a) German.
(b) French.
(c) Dutch.
(d) Belgian.

10. How did German Jews regard themselves?
(a) Germans of the Hebrew faith.
(b) Jewish Americans.
(c) Hebrews from Europe.
(d) Jews from Germany.

11. What percentage of the population is the largest single ethnic group?
(a) 75%.
(b) 47%.
(c) 52%.
(d) 15%.

12. How many of the emigrants from the potato famine died en route to America in 1847?
(a) Five percent.
(b) Fifty percent.
(c) Twenty percent.
(d) Ten percent.

13. The longer the journey by ship took, the _______________ the people became.
(a) More determined.
(b) Weaker.
(c) More excited.
(d) Stronger.

14. Where do most people of Irish ancestry live?
(a) In the British Isles.
(b) In Canada.
(c) In the United States.
(d) In Ireland.

15. By the end of the 19th century, who controlled 2/3 of the labor done in New York City?
(a) White collar investors.
(b) Poltical bosses.
(c) Labor unions.
(d) Italian padrone.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did northern and southern Italian immigrants regard each other?

2. With which immigrant group did the Italians have the most conflict?

3. What was the "Pale"?

4. What did the term "ghetto" originally mean?

5. What was the primary loyalty of southern Italians in the 20th century?

(see the answer keys)

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