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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What percentage of immigrants from southern Italy returned home?
(a) 10%.
(b) 40%.
(c) 70%
(d) 90%.

2. What does Sowell determine transient immigrants are less likely to do?
(a) Establish businesses and save money.
(b) Make friends and join social groups.
(c) Work hard.
(d) Learn the language and become citizens.

3. What was the occupation of the German immigrants who landed in St. Louis and Milwaukee?
(a) Brewing beer.
(b) Farming.
(c) Construction.
(d) Peddling.

4. What industry occupied nearly half of Russian Jews prior to their emigration to the U.S.?
(a) Transportation.
(b) Farming.
(c) Clothing production.
(d) Publishing.

5. What industry did most German immigrants pursue?
(a) Transportation.
(b) Publishing.
(c) Manufacturing.
(d) Farming.

6. In what area did 19th century Irish consider themselves superior to Germans?
(a) Americanization.
(b) Education.
(c) Sports.
(d) Religion.

7. What was the average life expectancy of an Irish immigrant in the 19th century?
(a) Eighteen.
(b) Fifty-five.
(c) Thirty.
(d) Forty.

8. How had most of the Scotch-Irish financed their immigration?
(a) They were sent with money from home.
(b) They became indentured servants.
(c) They formed credit unions among themselves.
(d) They worked as apprentices.

9. The longer the journey by ship took, the _______________ the people became.
(a) Weaker.
(b) More excited.
(c) More determined.
(d) Stronger.

10. What vice did Jewish immigrants almost universally avoid?
(a) Organized crime.
(b) Pornography.
(c) Gambling.
(d) Alcoholism.

11. Why was American farming foreign to the Irish immigrants?
(a) It required long work days.
(b) It required larger tracts of land.
(c) It required different crops.
(d) It required isolation.

12. How did the Pennsylvania Dutch regard politics and government?
(a) With confidence and trust.
(b) With distrust and disinterest.
(c) With great interest.
(d) With expectations and hope.

13. With which immigrant group did the Italians have the most conflict?
(a) Chinese.
(b) Germans.
(c) Jews.
(d) Irish.

14. How did German Jews regard themselves?
(a) Germans of the Hebrew faith.
(b) Jews from Germany.
(c) Jewish Americans.
(d) Hebrews from Europe.

15. What advantage did European Jewish immigrants have in arriving in the United States?
(a) They were already accustomed to a rural environment.
(b) They already spoke English.
(c) They were already skilled farmers.
(d) They were already urbanized.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which ethnic group got along best with the Indians?

2. What did the term "ghetto" originally mean?

3. In what area did 19th century Germans consider themselves superior to Irish?

4. Discrimination against Irish workers was exemplified in the phrase, "No Irish need ____________."

5. How long did it take to cross the Atlantic in a steamship?

(see the answer keys)

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