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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the primary loyalty of southern Italians in the 20th century?
(a) Personal morality.
(b) The family.
(c) Country.
(d) The church.

2. What is the largest single ethnic group in the U.S.?
(a) British.
(b) Mexican.
(c) Italian.
(d) Irish.

3. What educational reform did Germans propose and support?
(a) Graduate schools.
(b) Universities.
(c) Preschools.
(d) Kindergartens.

4. How had most of the Scotch-Irish financed their immigration?
(a) They were sent with money from home.
(b) They formed credit unions among themselves.
(c) They worked as apprentices.
(d) They became indentured servants.

5. The highest fertility rates are found in groups with the ________________ incomes.
(a) Highest.
(b) Lowest.
(c) Fastest-growing.
(d) Most stable.

6. In what field did the Irish immigrants to America achieve their first successes?
(a) The arts.
(b) Cuisine.
(c) Science.
(d) Politics.

7. The "penal laws" imposed by the British on the Irish were intended to keep the Irish in what situation?
(a) Subjugated and impoverished.
(b) Impoverished and frightened.
(c) Upwardly mobile.
(d) Educated and healthy.

8. What system did Italian immigrants use to finance business ventures?
(a) Mutual aid societies.
(b) Banks.
(c) Crime syndicates.
(d) Credit unions.

9. What kind of work provided a start for most wealthy American Jewish families?
(a) Unskilled labor.
(b) Peddling.
(c) Manufacturing.
(d) Farming.

10. How many of the emigrants from the potato famine died en route to America in 1847?
(a) Five percent.
(b) Twenty percent.
(c) Fifty percent.
(d) Ten percent.

11. Which group of Jews in New York were more established and wealthier?
(a) Downtown Jews.
(b) Russian Jews.
(c) Uptown Jews.
(d) Yiddish-speaking Jews.

12. What percentage of Italian immigrants were agricultural laborers?
(a) 97%
(b) 25%.
(c) 77%.
(d) 50%

13. Immigrants on cargo ships could not select their______________.
(a) Destinations.
(b) Accomodations.
(c) Itinerary.
(d) Port of departure.

14. What does Sowell determine transient immigrants are less likely to do?
(a) Learn the language and become citizens.
(b) Make friends and join social groups.
(c) Work hard.
(d) Establish businesses and save money.

15. Why did farmers in southern Italy live on hillsides?
(a) To get a better view.
(b) To hide from invaders.
(c) Because arable land was in the hills.
(d) To avoid malaria.

Short Answer Questions

1. Where did most American Jews originate?

2. What early 20th century occupation was 90% done by Italians?

3. What nationality are the Pennsylvania Dutch?

4. How much of the arable land in Ireland was used for growing potatoes before the famine?

5. Which group was the most isolated of the early German settlers?

(see the answer keys)

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