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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What kind of trouble did employers invite who mixed Italian workers from different villages?
(a) Confusion.
(b) Violence.
(c) Misunderstanding.
(d) Increased absenteeism.

2. The most affluent groups have experienced ________________ discrimination.
(a) About the same.
(b) More.
(c) No.
(d) Less.

3. What system did Italian immigrants use to finance business ventures?
(a) Crime syndicates.
(b) Mutual aid societies.
(c) Banks.
(d) Credit unions.

4. What kind of work provided a start for most wealthy American Jewish families?
(a) Farming.
(b) Peddling.
(c) Unskilled labor.
(d) Manufacturing.

5. How many years did a German indentured servant typically have to work to pay off his transportation to America?
(a) Eight to ten.
(b) One to two.
(c) Three to seven.
(d) Two to five.

6. Immigrants on cargo ships could not select their______________.
(a) Destinations.
(b) Accomodations.
(c) Port of departure.
(d) Itinerary.

7. What advantages did early Irish immigrants have over others?
(a) They were hard workers and used to urban life.
(b) They had business acumen and education.
(c) They spoke English and many were literate.
(d) They had skills for industrialization.

8. How did the Pennsylvania Dutch regard politics and government?
(a) With great interest.
(b) With expectations and hope.
(c) With distrust and disinterest.
(d) With confidence and trust.

9. What percentage of immigrants from southern Italy returned home?
(a) 40%.
(b) 90%.
(c) 10%.
(d) 70%

10. Which ethnic group got along best with the Indians?
(a) Scotch-Irish.
(b) Celtic Irish.
(c) British.
(d) Germans.

11. In what field did the Irish immigrants to America achieve their first successes?
(a) Science.
(b) Cuisine.
(c) Politics.
(d) The arts.

12. How did Europeans treat Jews as they became the only non-Christians on the continent?
(a) They were quietly disliked.
(b) They were welcomed and venerated.
(c) They were supported and helped.
(d) They were persecuted, massacred and expelled.

13. Who were the "Know-Nothings"?
(a) A rude name for immigrants.
(b) An anti-immigrant political party.
(c) Immigrants who refused to participate in elections.
(d) A pro-immigrant political party.

14. By the end of the 19th century, who controlled 2/3 of the labor done in New York City?
(a) Italian padrone.
(b) Poltical bosses.
(c) White collar investors.
(d) Labor unions.

15. At the turn of the century, what was the population density of the lower East Side in New York?
(a) One hundred people per acre.
(b) Seven hundred people per acre.
(c) Two hundred people per acre.
(d) Five hundred people per acre.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did the term "ghetto" originally mean?

2. What important social change did Germans bring to the mainstream culture?

3. With which immigrant group did the Italians have the most conflict?

4. What nationality are the Pennsylvania Dutch?

5. What was a "redemptioner"?

(see the answer keys)

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