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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did the Pennsylvania Dutch regard politics and government?
(a) With great interest.
(b) With expectations and hope.
(c) With confidence and trust.
(d) With distrust and disinterest.

2. Discrimination against Irish workers was exemplified in the phrase, "No Irish need ____________."
(a) Venture.
(b) Apply.
(c) Purchase.
(d) Enter.

3. Why was American farming foreign to the Irish immigrants?
(a) It required different crops.
(b) It required larger tracts of land.
(c) It required long work days.
(d) It required isolation.

4. What distinguishes Italian emigration during the 20th century?
(a) All of the emigration is to the U.S.
(b) It is the slowest exodus from a single nation.
(c) More immigrants return to Italy than leave it.
(d) It is the largest exodus from a single nation.

5. The "penal laws" imposed by the British on the Irish were intended to keep the Irish in what situation?
(a) Impoverished and frightened.
(b) Upwardly mobile.
(c) Educated and healthy.
(d) Subjugated and impoverished.

6. What was a "Hessian"?
(a) German soldiers recruited to fight in the Revolutionary War.
(b) German pacifists.
(c) German government officials.
(d) German communitarians.

7. Which ethnic group has the highest fertility rates?
(a) Mexican-Americans.
(b) Polish Americans.
(c) Chinese Americans.
(d) Blacks.

8. When did Italy unite under one government?
(a) 1761.
(b) 1861.
(c) 1661.
(d) 1961.

9. The highest fertility rates are found in groups with the ________________ incomes.
(a) Lowest.
(b) Highest.
(c) Fastest-growing.
(d) Most stable.

10. How long did it take to cross the Atlantic in a steamship?
(a) Ten days.
(b) Ten months.
(c) Two months.
(d) Ten weeks.

11. At the turn of the century, what was the population density of the lower East Side in New York?
(a) Seven hundred people per acre.
(b) Five hundred people per acre.
(c) Two hundred people per acre.
(d) One hundred people per acre.

12. In what field did the Irish immigrants to America achieve their first successes?
(a) Cuisine.
(b) The arts.
(c) Science.
(d) Politics.

13. How did northern and southern Italian immigrants regard each other?
(a) As long-lost friends.
(b) As part of the family system.
(c) As distant relatives.
(d) As separate races of people.

14. What did German immigrants retain whether in urban or rural settings?
(a) A mistrust of the Irish.
(b) An adventurous, traveling spirit.
(c) The German language and culture.
(d) A desire to return to the homeland.

15. How did the system of tenant farming undermine Irish initiative?
(a) All improvements would be reversed.
(b) No improvements were permitted.
(c) All improvements were heavily taxed.
(d) All improvements belonged to the landowner.

Short Answer Questions

1. Immigrants on cargo ships could not select their______________.

2. What important social change did Germans bring to the mainstream culture?

3. What area in the United States contained the greatest number of Jews ever assembled in one place on earth?

4. Which group of Jews in New York were more established and wealthier?

5. What early 20th century occupation was 90% done by Italians?

(see the answer keys)

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