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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the occupation of the majority of Irish immigrants in the 19th century?
(a) Unskilled labor.
(b) Farming.
(c) Manufacturing.
(d) Glass blowing.

2. How long did it take to cross the Atlantic in a steamship?
(a) Ten weeks.
(b) Ten months.
(c) Ten days.
(d) Two months.

3. The "penal laws" imposed by the British on the Irish were intended to keep the Irish in what situation?
(a) Impoverished and frightened.
(b) Subjugated and impoverished.
(c) Educated and healthy.
(d) Upwardly mobile.

4. How did the Pennsylvania Dutch regard politics and government?
(a) With confidence and trust.
(b) With great interest.
(c) With distrust and disinterest.
(d) With expectations and hope.

5. How had most of the Scotch-Irish financed their immigration?
(a) They formed credit unions among themselves.
(b) They worked as apprentices.
(c) They were sent with money from home.
(d) They became indentured servants.

6. What kinds of skills did the Irish develop under an enemy government?
(a) Self-improvement.
(b) Guerilla warfare.
(c) Organizing and circumventing government.
(d) Spying.

7. Which ethnic group has the highest fertility rates?
(a) Chinese Americans.
(b) Polish Americans.
(c) Blacks.
(d) Mexican-Americans.

8. What was a "redemptioner"?
(a) An indentured servant.
(b) A German immigrant who expected relatives to pay his way.
(c) A purchaser of indentures.
(d) A slave.

9. In their own land, the Irish were a _________________ people.
(a) Conquering.
(b) Independent.
(c) Conquered.
(d) Free.

10. Who developed the term "kike" to refer to Eastern European Jews in the U.S.?
(a) The British.
(b) German Jews.
(c) The Irish.
(d) Blacks.

11. What were early German immigrants able to do more thoroughly than others?
(a) Clear frontier land and make it productive.
(b) Develop social networks.
(c) Invent useful machinery.
(d) Govern themselves and others.

12. What did German immigrants retain whether in urban or rural settings?
(a) The German language and culture.
(b) A mistrust of the Irish.
(c) A desire to return to the homeland.
(d) An adventurous, traveling spirit.

13. What is the largest single ethnic group in the U.S.?
(a) Italian.
(b) Mexican.
(c) British.
(d) Irish.

14. How many people died of starvation or illness during the Great Famine of the 1840s in Ireland?
(a) Five hundred thousand.
(b) One million.
(c) Two hundred thousand.
(d) Five million.

15. How did Italian immigrants to the U.S. regard education?
(a) With hostility.
(b) With confusion.
(c) With hope.
(d) With gratitude.

Short Answer Questions

1. With acculturation, IQ rates tend to:

2. In what field did the Irish immigrants to America achieve their first successes?

3. What industry did most German immigrants pursue?

4. What was the occupation of the German immigrants who landed in St. Louis and Milwaukee?

5. Which group of Italian immigrants were at the bottom of their social scale?

(see the answer keys)

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