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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the Bracero Program of 1942?
(a) Citizenship programs for illegal Mexican residents.
(b) Legal residence for contract Mexican workers.
(c) Amnesty for illegal Mexican residents.
(d) Deportation of illegal Mexican workers.

2. What vices were commonly available in Chinatown?
(a) Drinking and smoking.
(b) Prostitution, drugs, and gambling.
(c) Gambling and drinking.
(d) Theft and murder.

3. What did the Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision declare that blacks did not have?
(a) Rights other blacks had to respect.
(b) Rights white men had to respect.
(c) Any rights at all.
(d) The right to be respected.

4. Where did the Alien Land Law prohibit Japanese immigrants from buying land?
(a) California.
(b) Japan.
(c) Hawaii.
(d) The United States.

5. Most Japanese immigrants in the 19th century were young men from what kind of background?
(a) Industry.
(b) Trade.
(c) Transportation.
(d) Farming.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was a "hatchet man"?

2. Why did many Japanese property owners in the U.S. put title to the land in the names of their children?

3. By 1970, which city had the most Puerto Ricans?

4. Japanese pieceworkers earned ____________ than whites doing the same work.

5. In California, Japanese immigrants initiated what two business models?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are some signs of the slow acculturation of Mexican immigrants?

2. How do Puerto Ricans compare economically with other immigrant groups?

3. What is unique about the Mexican population in the Southwest?

4. How was Chinese cultural diversity similar to that of Italy?

5. How are black Americans both the oldest and the youngest immigrant group?

6. Why were most early Chinese immigrants to the U.S. sojourners?

7. What negative effects did total dependence have on the slave population?

8. What was unusual about the Japanese government's approach to emigration to the U.S.?

9. Why did most Chinese immigrants work in laundries and restaurants in the U.S.?

10. What factors make Puerto Rican immigrants unique?

(see the answer keys)

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