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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Before steamships, to what was sea travel for the immigrants directly tied?

2. In what area did 19th century Irish consider themselves superior to Germans?

3. What was the primary loyalty of southern Italians in the 20th century?

4. What were early German immigrants able to do more thoroughly than others?

5. With which immigrant group did the Italians have the most conflict?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did the Jews in various countries not fight back against discrimination?

2. Why is it difficult to determine the effect of discrimination on ethnic groups?

3. How had the Jews historically been treated in Europe?

4. What was distinct about the Jewish community in Eastern Europe?

5. What was the effect on Ireland of the international potato blight of 1845?

6. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, how did Italian literacy compare with the rest of Europe?

7. In what ways were slaves better off than the 19th century Irish immigrants?

8. What historical events contributed to the fragmentation of the Italian population?

9. What was a redemptioner?

10. How did the geography of Italy contribute to the fragmentation of its people?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Recent immigrants have been shown to surpass more established immigrants of the same ethnicity in education and socioeconomic success. In your essay, give examples of this phenomenon and your opinion about its causes.

Essay Topic 2

Sowell speaks of acculturation in concentric rings. What does he mean by this metaphor? What are examples of groups which would be in the inner circles? What are examples of groups which would be on the outer circles?

Essay Topic 3

The alternating welcome/rejection of Chinese immigrants is a complicated story. In your essay, examine how and why restrictive immigration laws ultimately led to crime and vice among Chinese immigrants.

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