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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What distinguishes Italian emigration during the 20th century?

2. The "penal laws" imposed by the British on the Irish were intended to keep the Irish in what situation?

3. What area in the United States contained the greatest number of Jews ever assembled in one place on earth?

4. What industry did most German immigrants pursue?

5. The longer the journey by ship took, the _______________ the people became.

Short Essay Questions

1. What was distinct about the Jewish community in Eastern Europe?

2. What trade did Jews traditionally practice during the Diaspora?

3. What historical events contributed to the fragmentation of the Italian population?

4. How were the Irish immigrants of the 19th century stereotyped?

5. How does the average age of an ethnic group affect its socioeconomic status?

6. Why did the Jews in various countries not fight back against discrimination?

7. What is "amoral familism"?

8. In what ways were slaves better off than the 19th century Irish immigrants?

9. Why were the Jews a more diverse group than other immigrant groups?

10. Who are the Pennsylvania Dutch?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Sowell speaks of acculturation in concentric rings. What does he mean by this metaphor? What are examples of groups which would be in the inner circles? What are examples of groups which would be on the outer circles?

Essay Topic 2

Write an essay in which you compare and contrast two groups of immigrants based on factors such as persistence of the first language, fertility rates, attitudes toward education, etc.

Essay Topic 3

In an essay, analyze how overcrowding in immigrant communities impacted their health and hygiene. Consider such factors as fires, scarcity of water for those doing dirty jobs, fights, and pestilence as well as diseases.

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