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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Where do most people of Irish ancestry live?

2. Who were the "Know-Nothings"?

3. When did Italy unite under one government?

4. What distinguishes Italian emigration during the 20th century?

5. How many of the emigrants from the potato famine died en route to America in 1847?

Short Essay Questions

1. In what ways have American ethnic communities supplied leadership to their countries of origin?

2. What was an indentured servant?

3. Who are the Pennsylvania Dutch?

4. What is culturally and linguistically unique about the size of the United States?

5. Why is it difficult to determine the effect of discrimination on ethnic groups?

6. How does the average age of an ethnic group affect its socioeconomic status?

7. What Jewish patterns in Europe became important to their success in America?

8. Why is there no "majority" in the United States?

9. What is "amoral familism"?

10. How had the Jews historically been treated in Europe?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Write a persuasive essay debating the topic "Geography is destiny." Consider the long-range effects on several generations of such factors as the suitability of Ireland's soil for growing the ingredients for hard liquor and the effect on Italian farmers who lived on the hillsides to avoid malaria, while working farms in the valleys.

Essay Topic 2

Recent immigrants have been shown to surpass more established immigrants of the same ethnicity in education and socioeconomic success. In your essay, give examples of this phenomenon and your opinion about its causes.

Essay Topic 3

It may seem ironic that established immigrant groups have been shown to discriminate against more recent immigrants of the same ethnicity. Using examples from the text, write an essay examining this phenomenon and give your opinion about its causes and effects.

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