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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the occupation of the German immigrants who landed in St. Louis and Milwaukee?
(a) Brewing beer.
(b) Construction.
(c) Peddling.
(d) Farming.

2. What advantage did European Jewish immigrants have in arriving in the United States?
(a) They were already accustomed to a rural environment.
(b) They already spoke English.
(c) They were already skilled farmers.
(d) They were already urbanized.

3. What diseases plagued the Irish living in tenements?
(a) Typhoid fever and smallpox.
(b) Cholera and tuberculosis.
(c) Tuberculosis and typhoid fever.
(d) Smallpox and cholera.

4. What did German immigrants retain whether in urban or rural settings?
(a) The German language and culture.
(b) An adventurous, traveling spirit.
(c) A desire to return to the homeland.
(d) A mistrust of the Irish.

5. What caused repeated conflicts between the Scotch-Irish and the Celtic Irish immigrants who arrived later?
(a) Politics.
(b) Slavery.
(c) Education.
(d) Religion.

Short Answer Questions

1. With acculturation, IQ rates tend to:

2. What was the occupation of the majority of Irish immigrants in the 19th century?

3. The longer the journey by ship took, the _______________ the people became.

4. What percentage of the population is the largest single ethnic group?

5. What educational reform did Germans propose and support?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why is there no "majority" in the United States?

2. What advantages did Irish have over other immigrants?

3. What was the effect on Ireland of the international potato blight of 1845?

4. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, how did Italian literacy compare with the rest of Europe?

5. In what ways have American ethnic communities supplied leadership to their countries of origin?

6. What geographical advantages does northern Italy have over southern Italy?

7. What was the effect of the Irish rebellion of 1641?

8. Why is it difficult to determine the effect of discrimination on ethnic groups?

9. What historical events contributed to the fragmentation of the Italian population?

10. How were the German immigrants characterized?

(see the answer keys)

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