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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the occupation of the German immigrants who landed in St. Louis and Milwaukee?
(a) Construction.
(b) Peddling.
(c) Farming.
(d) Brewing beer.

2. Where did the majority of Celtic Irish congregate?
(a) The urban Northeast.
(b) The rural South.
(c) The rural North.
(d) The urban Southeast.

3. What law helped establish the southern Italian crime syndicates?
(a) Gambling restrictions.
(b) Anti-immigration law.
(c) Pro-immigration law.
(d) Prohibition.

4. What kinds of skills did the Irish develop under an enemy government?
(a) Organizing and circumventing government.
(b) Guerilla warfare.
(c) Self-improvement.
(d) Spying.

5. How many of the emigrants from the potato famine died en route to America in 1847?
(a) Ten percent.
(b) Five percent.
(c) Twenty percent.
(d) Fifty percent.

Short Answer Questions

1. At the turn of the century, what was the population density of the lower East Side in New York?

2. What is the largest single ethnic group in the U.S.?

3. What educational reform did Germans propose and support?

4. How long was the voyage to America in a sailing vessel?

5. What tools have Jews traditionally used to respond to adversity?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is "amoral familism"?

2. What Jewish patterns in Europe became important to their success in America?

3. What was a redemptioner?

4. What historical events contributed to the fragmentation of the Italian population?

5. Why is it misleading to think of minority groups as falling below national socioeconomic averages?

6. Who are the Pennsylvania Dutch?

7. Why were the Jews a more diverse group than other immigrant groups?

8. In what ways were slaves better off than the 19th century Irish immigrants?

9. What trade did Jews traditionally practice during the Diaspora?

10. How had the Jews historically been treated in Europe?

(see the answer keys)

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