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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What were early German immigrants able to do more thoroughly than others?
(a) Clear frontier land and make it productive.
(b) Govern themselves and others.
(c) Invent useful machinery.
(d) Develop social networks.

2. In what area did 19th century Irish consider themselves superior to Germans?
(a) Sports.
(b) Religion.
(c) Americanization.
(d) Education.

3. What was the average life expectancy of an Irish immigrant in the 19th century?
(a) Thirty.
(b) Forty.
(c) Eighteen.
(d) Fifty-five.

4. How did Italian immigrants to the U.S. regard education?
(a) With hostility.
(b) With confusion.
(c) With gratitude.
(d) With hope.

5. Which group of Jews in New York were more established and wealthier?
(a) Yiddish-speaking Jews.
(b) Downtown Jews.
(c) Russian Jews.
(d) Uptown Jews.

Short Answer Questions

1. What early 20th century occupation was 90% done by Italians?

2. How much of the arable land in Ireland was used for growing potatoes before the famine?

3. What percentage of Italian immigrants were agricultural laborers?

4. During the decades surrounding the beginning of the 20th century, what proportion of Eastern European Jews moved to the United States?

5. What does Sowell determine transient immigrants are less likely to do?

Short Essay Questions

1. In what ways were slaves better off than the 19th century Irish immigrants?

2. Why is it misleading to think of minority groups as falling below national socioeconomic averages?

3. What are some influences German immigrants have had on American culture?

4. What was the effect of the Irish rebellion of 1641?

5. What advantages did Irish have over other immigrants?

6. What was unusual about German migration patterns in the 20th century?

7. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, how did Italian literacy compare with the rest of Europe?

8. What is "amoral familism"?

9. What factors contributed to Irish immigrant workers' lack of initiative?

10. Why were the Jews a more diverse group than other immigrant groups?

(see the answer keys)

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