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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. During the decades surrounding the beginning of the 20th century, what proportion of Eastern European Jews moved to the United States?
(a) One-third.
(b) One-tenth.
(c) One-fifth.
(d) One-eighth.

2. What did the term "ghetto" originally mean?
(a) A walled, gated Jewish community.
(b) A rich area of the city.
(c) A prison.
(d) An impoverished area of the city.

3. By the end of the 19th century, who controlled 2/3 of the labor done in New York City?
(a) Poltical bosses.
(b) Labor unions.
(c) White collar investors.
(d) Italian padrone.

4. What was the occupation of the German immigrants who landed in St. Louis and Milwaukee?
(a) Brewing beer.
(b) Peddling.
(c) Construction.
(d) Farming.

5. How did the Pennsylvania Dutch regard politics and government?
(a) With confidence and trust.
(b) With distrust and disinterest.
(c) With expectations and hope.
(d) With great interest.

Short Answer Questions

1. Where did the majority of Celtic Irish congregate?

2. Who developed the term "kike" to refer to Eastern European Jews in the U.S.?

3. What area in the United States contained the greatest number of Jews ever assembled in one place on earth?

4. How did Italian immigrants to the U.S. regard education?

5. What caused repeated conflicts between the Scotch-Irish and the Celtic Irish immigrants who arrived later?

Short Essay Questions

1. How were the Irish immigrants of the 19th century stereotyped?

2. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, how did Italian literacy compare with the rest of Europe?

3. What are some influences German immigrants have had on American culture?

4. How does the average age of an ethnic group affect its socioeconomic status?

5. How were the German immigrants characterized?

6. What advantages did Irish have over other immigrants?

7. What was distinct about the Jewish community in Eastern Europe?

8. What geographical advantages does northern Italy have over southern Italy?

9. What historical events contributed to the fragmentation of the Italian population?

10. In what ways have American ethnic communities supplied leadership to their countries of origin?

(see the answer keys)

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