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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What kinds of skills did the Irish develop under an enemy government?
(a) Guerilla warfare.
(b) Spying.
(c) Self-improvement.
(d) Organizing and circumventing government.

2. What distinguishes Italian emigration during the 20th century?
(a) All of the emigration is to the U.S.
(b) It is the slowest exodus from a single nation.
(c) It is the largest exodus from a single nation.
(d) More immigrants return to Italy than leave it.

3. In their own land, the Irish were a _________________ people.
(a) Conquering.
(b) Independent.
(c) Free.
(d) Conquered.

4. How did Jews who had survived persecution store their wealth?
(a) Works of art.
(b) Gold and jewelry.
(c) Expensive clothes.
(d) Home furnishings.

5. What was the "Pale"?
(a) The area where Russian Jews were allowed to live.
(b) The area where Russian Jews were imprisoned.
(c) The area where Russian Jews went for recreation.
(d) The area where Russian Jews were not allowed to live.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the primary loyalty of southern Italians in the 20th century?

2. What kind of trouble did employers invite who mixed Italian workers from different villages?

3. What language did German Jews speak?

4. What area in the United States contained the greatest number of Jews ever assembled in one place on earth?

5. In what area did 19th century Germans consider themselves superior to Irish?

Short Essay Questions

1. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, how did Italian literacy compare with the rest of Europe?

2. Why were the Jews a more diverse group than other immigrant groups?

3. Why did the Jews in various countries not fight back against discrimination?

4. What are some influences German immigrants have had on American culture?

5. Why has alcoholism traditionally been lower among Italians than Irish?

6. How did the geography of Italy contribute to the fragmentation of its people?

7. What was the effect on Ireland of the international potato blight of 1845?

8. What historical events contributed to the fragmentation of the Italian population?

9. Why is it misleading to think of minority groups as falling below national socioeconomic averages?

10. In what ways have American ethnic communities supplied leadership to their countries of origin?

(see the answer keys)

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