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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which group of Jews in New York were more established and wealthier?
(a) Yiddish-speaking Jews.
(b) Russian Jews.
(c) Uptown Jews.
(d) Downtown Jews.

2. What language did German Jews speak?
(a) Hebrew.
(b) English.
(c) Yiddish.
(d) German.

3. How had most of the Scotch-Irish financed their immigration?
(a) They worked as apprentices.
(b) They became indentured servants.
(c) They formed credit unions among themselves.
(d) They were sent with money from home.

4. What was the name for a middleman who bought and sold indentured servants?
(a) Slave driver.
(b) Soul driver.
(c) Coyote.
(d) Simon Legree.

5. How much of the arable land in Ireland was used for growing potatoes before the famine?
(a) One-tenth.
(b) One-fourth.
(c) One-half.
(d) One-sixth.

Short Answer Questions

1. What percentage of the population is the largest single ethnic group?

2. Which ethnic group got along best with the Indians?

3. What industry did most German immigrants pursue?

4. How did the Pennsylvania Dutch regard politics and government?

5. Immigrants on cargo ships could not select their______________.

Short Essay Questions

1. What historical events contributed to the fragmentation of the Italian population?

2. In what ways have American ethnic communities supplied leadership to their countries of origin?

3. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, how did Italian literacy compare with the rest of Europe?

4. What was a redemptioner?

5. Why did the Jews in various countries not fight back against discrimination?

6. What is "amoral familism"?

7. What factors contributed to Irish immigrant workers' lack of initiative?

8. What was unusual about German migration patterns in the 20th century?

9. How were the German immigrants characterized?

10. What is culturally and linguistically unique about the size of the United States?

(see the answer keys)

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