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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which group formed the largest migration to America in the 19th century?
(a) Jews.
(b) Irish.
(c) Italians.
(d) Germans.

2. What is the "diaspora"?
(a) The discrimination against Jews.
(b) The immigration of the Jews to the United States.
(c) The dispersion of the Jews throughout the world.
(d) The gathering of the Jews to the new nation of Israel.

3. What vice did Jewish immigrants almost universally avoid?
(a) Alcoholism.
(b) Pornography.
(c) Gambling.
(d) Organized crime.

4. What industry occupied nearly half of Russian Jews prior to their emigration to the U.S.?
(a) Clothing production.
(b) Farming.
(c) Publishing.
(d) Transportation.

5. In what area did 19th century Irish consider themselves superior to Germans?
(a) Americanization.
(b) Education.
(c) Sports.
(d) Religion.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the "ghetto crouch?"

2. Why was American farming foreign to the Irish immigrants?

3. What is the most affluent ethnic group in the U.S.?

4. What virtue was already ingrained in European Jews when they arrived?

5. What kind of work provided a start for most wealthy American Jewish families?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was unusual about German migration patterns in the 20th century?

2. What was distinct about the Jewish community in Eastern Europe?

3. What trade did Jews traditionally practice during the Diaspora?

4. What factors contributed to Irish immigrant workers' lack of initiative?

5. What was an indentured servant?

6. What was the effect on Ireland of the international potato blight of 1845?

7. What advantages did Irish have over other immigrants?

8. What is culturally and linguistically unique about the size of the United States?

9. Why is there no "majority" in the United States?

10. What geographical advantages does northern Italy have over southern Italy?

(see the answer keys)

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