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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How many years did a German indentured servant typically have to work to pay off his transportation to America?
(a) One to two.
(b) Eight to ten.
(c) Three to seven.
(d) Two to five.

2. What industry occupied nearly half of Russian Jews prior to their emigration to the U.S.?
(a) Farming.
(b) Transportation.
(c) Publishing.
(d) Clothing production.

3. What advantage did European Jewish immigrants have in arriving in the United States?
(a) They were already skilled farmers.
(b) They already spoke English.
(c) They were already urbanized.
(d) They were already accustomed to a rural environment.

4. Where do most people of Irish ancestry live?
(a) In Ireland.
(b) In the British Isles.
(c) In the United States.
(d) In Canada.

5. What percentage of immigrants from southern Italy returned home?
(a) 70%
(b) 90%.
(c) 10%.
(d) 40%.

Short Answer Questions

1. What diseases plagued the Irish living in tenements?

2. With acculturation, IQ rates tend to:

3. What vice did Jewish immigrants almost universally avoid?

4. Where did most American Jews originate?

5. What early 20th century occupation was 90% done by Italians?

Short Essay Questions

1. What Jewish patterns in Europe became important to their success in America?

2. Why were the Jews a more diverse group than other immigrant groups?

3. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, how did Italian literacy compare with the rest of Europe?

4. Why has alcoholism traditionally been lower among Italians than Irish?

5. What was distinct about the Jewish community in Eastern Europe?

6. What historical events contributed to the fragmentation of the Italian population?

7. Why is there no "majority" in the United States?

8. How had the Jews historically been treated in Europe?

9. What is "amoral familism"?

10. What was the effect of the Irish rebellion of 1641?

(see the answer keys)

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