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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the "ghetto crouch?"
(a) A proactive response to bullying.
(b) A passive response to bullying.
(c) A refusal to respond to bullying.
(d) A violent response to bullying.

2. What was the primary loyalty of southern Italians in the 20th century?
(a) The family.
(b) Personal morality.
(c) Country.
(d) The church.

3. What nationality are the Pennsylvania Dutch?
(a) Belgian.
(b) German.
(c) French.
(d) Dutch.

4. What advantages did early Irish immigrants have over others?
(a) They had business acumen and education.
(b) They were hard workers and used to urban life.
(c) They spoke English and many were literate.
(d) They had skills for industrialization.

5. What diseases plagued the Irish living in tenements?
(a) Smallpox and cholera.
(b) Tuberculosis and typhoid fever.
(c) Typhoid fever and smallpox.
(d) Cholera and tuberculosis.

Short Answer Questions

1. How long did it take to cross the Atlantic in a steamship?

2. Which group represents the most dramatic example of upward mobility among immigrants?

3. What percentage of arrests in New York City during the 1850s were made of drunk and disorderly Irishmen?

4. How did northern and southern Italian immigrants regard each other?

5. With acculturation, IQ rates tend to:

Short Essay Questions

1. Why is there no "majority" in the United States?

2. What was a redemptioner?

3. What was distinct about the Jewish community in Eastern Europe?

4. What was the effect of the Irish rebellion of 1641?

5. How were the Irish immigrants of the 19th century stereotyped?

6. What are some influences German immigrants have had on American culture?

7. What was unusual about German migration patterns in the 20th century?

8. Why is it difficult to determine the effect of discrimination on ethnic groups?

9. How had the Jews historically been treated in Europe?

10. What was the effect on Ireland of the international potato blight of 1845?

(see the answer keys)

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