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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What kinds of skills did the Irish develop under an enemy government?
(a) Guerilla warfare.
(b) Self-improvement.
(c) Spying.
(d) Organizing and circumventing government.

2. With which immigrant group did the Italians have the most conflict?
(a) Germans.
(b) Jews.
(c) Irish.
(d) Chinese.

3. What early 20th century occupation was 90% done by Italians?
(a) Mining.
(b) Ragpicking.
(c) Construction.
(d) Bootblacking.

4. What system did Italian immigrants use to finance business ventures?
(a) Mutual aid societies.
(b) Crime syndicates.
(c) Banks.
(d) Credit unions.

5. Who were the "Know-Nothings"?
(a) A rude name for immigrants.
(b) Immigrants who refused to participate in elections.
(c) An anti-immigrant political party.
(d) A pro-immigrant political party.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which group formed the largest migration to America in the 19th century?

2. What kind of work provided a start for most wealthy American Jewish families?

3. What was the occupation of the German immigrants who landed in St. Louis and Milwaukee?

4. What was the name for a middleman who bought and sold indentured servants?

5. In what area did 19th century Germans consider themselves superior to Irish?

Short Essay Questions

1. What geographical advantages does northern Italy have over southern Italy?

2. In what ways were slaves better off than the 19th century Irish immigrants?

3. Why were the Jews a more diverse group than other immigrant groups?

4. How had the Jews historically been treated in Europe?

5. What trade did Jews traditionally practice during the Diaspora?

6. Why is there no "majority" in the United States?

7. How were the German immigrants characterized?

8. What was an indentured servant?

9. How does the average age of an ethnic group affect its socioeconomic status?

10. Why did the Jews in various countries not fight back against discrimination?

(see the answer keys)

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