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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The longer the journey by ship took, the _______________ the people became.
(a) More excited.
(b) Weaker.
(c) More determined.
(d) Stronger.

2. With which immigrant group did the Italians have the most conflict?
(a) Jews.
(b) Chinese.
(c) Germans.
(d) Irish.

3. How did German Jews regard themselves?
(a) Jews from Germany.
(b) Jewish Americans.
(c) Hebrews from Europe.
(d) Germans of the Hebrew faith.

4. What caused repeated conflicts between the Scotch-Irish and the Celtic Irish immigrants who arrived later?
(a) Politics.
(b) Slavery.
(c) Religion.
(d) Education.

5. How had most of the Scotch-Irish financed their immigration?
(a) They were sent with money from home.
(b) They formed credit unions among themselves.
(c) They became indentured servants.
(d) They worked as apprentices.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Italian immigrants to the U.S. regard education?

2. Where do most people of Irish ancestry live?

3. What early 20th century occupation was 90% done by Italians?

4. What advantages does northern Italy have over southern Italy, where most emigrants lived?

5. Which group formed the largest migration to America in the 19th century?

Short Essay Questions

1. What Jewish patterns in Europe became important to their success in America?

2. What was the effect on Ireland of the international potato blight of 1845?

3. What trade did Jews traditionally practice during the Diaspora?

4. What is culturally and linguistically unique about the size of the United States?

5. What was unusual about German migration patterns in the 20th century?

6. What are some influences German immigrants have had on American culture?

7. What advantages did Irish have over other immigrants?

8. In what ways have American ethnic communities supplied leadership to their countries of origin?

9. How were the German immigrants characterized?

10. In what ways were slaves better off than the 19th century Irish immigrants?

(see the answer keys)

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