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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who replaces the original self?

2. How does Fromm categorize the second group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

3. What German social class supported Hitler but did not adopt his ideologies?

4. What name does Fromm give to the isolation that allows Fascism to grow?

5. What is NOT a characteristic of the old, middle class that Fromm identifies?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the relationship between sadism and masochism? How does the relationship affect authoritarian characters?

2. What qualities did Hitler and Nazism possess that appealed to a large population of Germans?

3. What is true freedom and what do Fromm's critics fear it can lead to?

4. How does the loss of identify affect an individual's willingness to conform, and what are the consequences for it?

5. How does social character affect different groups?

6. How does Fromm describe sadistic people?

7. What are the similarities and differences between sadism and destructiveness?

8. Why was Nazism so appealing to the lower middle class of Germans?

9. What were the economic, social, and political conditions like in Germany prior to Hitler's rise to power?

10. What characteristics describe the second group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Explain how an individual's freedom has changed over time. Begin with Fromm's discussion of freedom during the Middle Ages and continue with the changes freedom saw during the Renaissance. Analyze the level of freedom man has during times of conformity, like during Hitler's Nazi regime, and how freedoms are restored in a democratic society.

Essay Topic 2

Compare Fromm and Freud's points of view on human development. In your essay, answer the following questions:

1). How are Freud and Fromm similar in their beliefs of human development?

2). What beliefs are different between these two thinkers?

3). Describe Fromm's analysis of other academics beliefs, including the Marxist historians and "idealists" like Weber.

Essay Topic 3

Write an essay that compares Nazism to another authoritarian regime (Italian Fascism, North Vietnam, Chinese communism). In your essay, be sure to address the following points:

1). Similarities and differences in authoritarian leadership style.

2). Identify the political affiliations of both regimes.

3). Describe the historical events surrounding authoritarianism.

4). Explain how each regime suppresses the freedom of its citizens.

(see the answer keys)

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