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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What happened to Germany's economic stability following World War I?

2. What examples does Fromm cite in the chapter "Freedom and Democracy" of how a democratic society limits individuals?

3. What kind of acts are "phenomena of abundance"?

4. What is an authoritarian character?

5. What does Fromm say even a democratic society can pressure individuals to do?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is social character?

2. How does social character affect different groups?

3. What is authority, as defined in the chapter "Mechanisms of Escape"?

4. How is an individual's character structure affected by economic and political changes?

5. What traits of an authoritarian character did Hitler possess?

6. What role does character play in the individual and society?

7. What is the social function of education?

8. What was life like for the lower, middle class following World War I? How did these conditions impact impacted their submission to Nazism?

9. What are the similarities and differences between sadism and destructiveness?

10. What characteristics describe the first group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Explain Fromm's definition of freedom. In your answer, be sure to address the following:

1). What does man gain in his attempt from individual freedom?

2). What consequences exists for man and society when attaining freedom?

3) What cultural and social roadblocks does man face in this process?

Essay Topic 2

Analyze the relationship between democracy and freedom. In your response, be sure to addresses the following questions:

1). How are freedom and democracy symbiotic?

2). How are freedom and democracy at odds with each other?

3). Find an example from modern world history where a country has a democratic system of government, but does not provide individual freedom to its citizens. Explain why this is significant to Fromm's ideas about freedom and democracy.

Essay Topic 3

Evaluate Fromm's thoughts on the causes of isolation and fear. In your essay, be sure to explain the following:

1). What economic, political, and social systems create alienation and fear?

2). How does man cope with these feelings?

3). What are some of the positive and negative consequences for society when man feels frightened and alone?

4). What are some of the positive and negative consequences for man when he feels isolated and scared?

(see the answer keys)

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