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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which of the following was NOT a restriction during the Middle Ages?

2. According to Calvin, what can change a person's destiny?

3. What war do many consider to be ultimate victory for freedom, according to Fromm?

4. What does Fromm believe is the greatest assertion of individuality?

5. According to Calvin, what does leading a virtuous life alleviate?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are Fromm's thoughts about the choices an individual faces?

2. What are the three falsehoods about authoritarianism?

3. How does Fromm feel about man gaining freedom but losing personal security?

4. What are Fromm's thoughts about the battles for freedom in the chapter "Freedom-A Psychological Problem"?

5. What are Freud's thoughts on man and society?

6. How does the history of the child relates to Fromm's ideas about freedom?

7. What was the economic system like during medieval times?

8. How did capitalism change the individual's role in society?

9. How do Fromm and Luther differ in the definition of selfishness?

10. How does an individual's learning further the process of individuation and how does this affect a child's relationship with his mother?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Analyze Fromm's argument that the Nazi party came to power due to sadomasochistic tendencies. In your response, address the following points:

1). Explain why Hitler was a sadomasochistic leader.

2). Define the roles of submission and dominance in the power of Nazism.

3). Explain what group of people submitted fully to Hitler, and why.

Essay Topic 2

Describe a fictitious society where man has complete and total freedom. Your essay should answer the following questions:

1). What is the political structure of this society?

2). Is there one central authority figure? If so, describe this individual. If not, explain why this individual does not exist.

3). What structures/ideologies/rules are in place that guarantee man his freedom?

4). Is everyone happy with the amount of freedom given to them?

5). Based on Fromm's definition of freedom, what would he say about this society? Would he agree that the individuals in this society have complete and total freedom?

Essay Topic 3

Evaluate Fromm's thoughts on the causes of isolation and fear. In your essay, be sure to explain the following:

1). What economic, political, and social systems create alienation and fear?

2). How does man cope with these feelings?

3). What are some of the positive and negative consequences for society when man feels frightened and alone?

4). What are some of the positive and negative consequences for man when he feels isolated and scared?

(see the answer keys)

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