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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which of the following was NOT a restriction during the Middle Ages?

2. What group of people fought in battles for freedom, as identified by Fromm?

3. According to Calvin, what does leading a virtuous life alleviate?

4. What was a positive social aspect of the Middle Ages?

5. Whose work about a ten-year-old child's awareness of self does Fromm reference?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does capitalism affect an individual's freedom, and what are Fromm's criticisms of capitalism?

2. What are Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Kafka, and Green's points of view with regards to the individual?

3. What impact did cultural events from the Middle Ages through the modern era have on Fromm's meaning of freedom?

4. How do Fromm and Luther differ in the definition of selfishness?

5. How did capitalism pave the way for greater freedom for man?

6. What aspects of the medieval system benefited the individual?

7. What is the significance of World War I when talking about freedom?

8. How did Lutheranism challenge the Catholic Church?

9. What is the difference between static and dynamic adaptation?

10. How did the economic changes of the Renaissance impact the social order in society?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How do religious, political, and social structures support and limit man's individuality and freedom? In your response, include the following information:

1). Religion during the Middle Ages to the Modern Age. Include text evidence about the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the beliefs of its leaders.

2). Fromm's thoughts about Fascism, Nazism, and democracy. Text examples should also include information about how these political ideologies influence an individual's freedom.

3). Theories about society and conformity.

Essay Topic 2

Describe a fictitious society where man has complete and total freedom. Your essay should answer the following questions:

1). What is the political structure of this society?

2). Is there one central authority figure? If so, describe this individual. If not, explain why this individual does not exist.

3). What structures/ideologies/rules are in place that guarantee man his freedom?

4). Is everyone happy with the amount of freedom given to them?

5). Based on Fromm's definition of freedom, what would he say about this society? Would he agree that the individuals in this society have complete and total freedom?

Essay Topic 3

Explain the significance of this Benjamin Franklin quote to Fromm's analysis of freedom: "Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety." In your response, address the following points:

1). Explain the relevance of this quote with regards to Fromm's book.

2). Cite text examples from Fromm's book where people have given up their liberty for safety and vice versa.

3). Give several personal examples of how high school students give up some of their liberties for security.

4). Based on the evidence in Fromm's book, would he agree with Franklin? Why or why not?

(see the answer keys)

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