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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Fromm, why does sadism appear natural?
(a) It emphasizes the survival of nature over man.
(b) It is not natural.
(c) It emphasizes the survival of the fittest over nature and man.
(d) It is how animals survive.

2. What assumptions about man are made that lead people to fear chaos if he acts only in accordance with himself?
(a) People assume man will follow others.
(b) People assume man needs more freedom.
(c) People assume man is bad and will act destructively.
(d) People assume man will make the best decisions, all the time.

3. What is society's character based on?
(a) It can be based on the analysis of the individual.
(b) Analyzing society is a waste of time.
(c) It cannot be based on the analysis of the individual.
(d) Analyzing the individual is a water of time.

4. What German social class both submitted to Hitler and fully adopted his Nazi ideology?
(a) Nobility.
(b) Lower, middle class.
(c) Upper class.
(d) Upper, middle class.

5. What political and economic beliefs does Fromm wish to reconnect man with?
(a) Marxism and a capitalistic economy.
(b) Democratic principles and a planned economy.
(c) Communism and a socialist economy.
(d) Fascism and a market driven economy.

6. What dual desires did Nazi ideology appeal to?
(a) Wealth and knowledge.
(b) Submission and power.
(c) Dominance and submission.
(d) Power and dominance.

7. What does Fromm say even a democratic society can pressure individuals to do?
(a) Give up their money.
(b) Conform.
(c) Submit to others.
(d) Dominate others.

8. What academic, who Fromm disagrees with, also wrote about the social interpretation of the human development?
(a) Engels.
(b) Freud.
(c) Jung.
(d) Pavlov.

9. What does Fromm believe each individual is capable of expressing, as discussed in the chapter "Freedom and Democracy"?
(a) Expressing himself as an individual.
(b) Expressing a desire to mend primary ties.
(c) Expressing his sadomasochistic desires.
(d) Expressing himself as part of a group.

10. What word best describes the idea where man "strives for submission and domination"?
(a) Authoritarianism.
(b) Democracy.
(c) Communism.
(d) Propaganda.

11. Who must support the central bureaucracy in order for it to achieve its goal?
(a) All the people in a given society.
(b) The upper class of a given society.
(c) Both the lower and upper classes.
(d) The middle class only.

12. What political ideology is reinforced by an authoritarian character?
(a) Hinduism.
(b) Communism.
(c) Facism.
(d) Democracy.

13. What do masochists receive from their submissive acts?
(a) Obedience.
(b) Power.
(c) Pleasure.
(d) Pain.

14. What approach to history views the economic interests as the cause of religion and political ideas?
(a) Capitalistic.
(b) Economistic.
(c) Laissez-faire.
(d) Bartering.

15. What world event left Germany in financial ruin and ultimately fostered support for Hitler among the lower, middle class Germans?
(a) The French Revolution.
(b) Germany's civil war.
(c) World War I.
(d) World War II.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is NOT a characteristic of the old, middle class that Fromm identifies?

2. What forces in a capitalistic society isolate people?

3. What did the lower, middle class of Nazi Germany do for a living?

4. What psychological idea is destructiveness related to?

5. What is the term Fromm uses to describe an individual act that does not compromise one's integrity?

(see the answer keys)

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