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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is "pseudo-thinking"?
(a) Pretending to think.
(b) Impulsive thoughts.
(c) Unconscious repitition of other's opinions as our own.
(d) Pretending to act on a thought.

2. What do both societies and individuals possess that make them unique?
(a) Greed.
(b) Power.
(c) Characters.
(d) Money.

3. What does the social character influence?
(a) The economic process.
(b) The democractic system.
(c) The social progress.
(d) The individual's desire for freedom.

4. What approach to history views the economic interests as the cause of religion and political ideas?
(a) Capitalistic.
(b) Bartering.
(c) Economistic.
(d) Laissez-faire.

5. What is one false theory about why the Nazis came to power?
(a) The Nazi party was the least popular.
(b) The Nazi party rigged elections.
(c) The Nazis came to power via a strong political figure who coerced society.
(d) The German people wanted the Nazi party to rise to power.

6. What is the term Fromm uses to describe an individual act that does not compromise one's integrity?
(a) Positive freedom.
(b) Positive acts.
(c) Negative freedom.
(d) Positive individuality.

7. Why did the Nazi regime appear to be stable?
(a) The population had trouble being submissive.
(b) Hitler was no longer in power.
(c) The citizens were in revolt.
(d) The population seemed to have its needs met.

8. What is Fromm's theory about Hitler and the success of the Nazi party?
(a) Hitler wanted to unify people.
(b) The German people adored Hitler.
(c) Hitler was well-regarded in world politics.
(d) The explanation is as psychological as Hitler was neurotic.

9. What is an authoritarian character?
(a) A person who submits to authority and wants to exercise authority over others.
(b) A person who submits to authority but does not hold it over others.
(c) A person who does not respect authority.
(d) A person who seeks authority over others.

10. How does Fromm categorize the first group of Germans who supported the Nazis?
(a) Germans who joined the Nazis.
(b) Those who submitted to the Nazis but did not accept their ideas.
(c) Those who did not submit to the Nazis.
(d) Those who both submitted to the Nazis and adopted their ideas.

11. How does Fromm categorize the second group of Germans who supported the Nazis?
(a) Those who fully adopted Nazism.
(b) Those who disagreed with Nazism.
(c) Those who stood against Nazism.
(d) Those who were indifferent to Nazism.

12. What is "original" thought?
(a) A thought someone has that they think is their own.
(b) Thoughts that originate from another person.
(c) Thoughts that orginate in the individual.
(d) A thought that someone wants you to believe.

13. What is "spontaneous" action?
(a) Actions that come from what a person feels and thinks.
(b) Actions that come from what an individual used to do.
(c) Actions that come from what others feel and think.
(d) Actions that come from what others do.

14. What social structure does Fromm suggest should be part of the psychological aspect of society?
(a) Education.
(b) Family.
(c) Society.
(d) Economy.

15. What has a key role in human development?
(a) Social forces.
(b) Religious forces.
(c) Family forces.
(d) Individual forces.

Short Answer Questions

1. What political belief aligns with Fromm's definition of freedom?

2. What circumstances directly affected a person's willingness to submit to an authoritarian like Hitler?

3. Who replaces the original self?

4. What does Fromm believe each individual is capable of expressing, as discussed in the chapter "Freedom and Democracy"?

5. What do sadists seek?

(see the answer keys)

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