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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What do sadists seek?
(a) They seek to be dominated.
(b) They avoid dominance.
(c) They seek to dominate others.
(d) They seek submission.

2. Why did the Nazi regime appear to be stable?
(a) Hitler was no longer in power.
(b) The population seemed to have its needs met.
(c) The citizens were in revolt.
(d) The population had trouble being submissive.

3. What world event left Germany in financial ruin and ultimately fostered support for Hitler among the lower, middle class Germans?
(a) World War II.
(b) Germany's civil war.
(c) World War I.
(d) The French Revolution.

4. Prior to World War I, who was the lower, middle class obedient to?
(a) German monarchy.
(b) President of the United States.
(c) They were not obedient to anyone yet.
(d) German chancellor.

5. According to Freud's "psychologistic" approach to understanding human culture, what image inspired early Christianity?
(a) Ambivalence toward the father.
(b) Ambivalence toward society.
(c) Ambivalence toward the mother.
(d) Love for the mother.

6. According to Fromm, why does sadism appear natural?
(a) It emphasizes the survival of the fittest over nature and man.
(b) It is not natural.
(c) It is how animals survive.
(d) It emphasizes the survival of nature over man.

7. What do Fromm's critics fear will happen to society during the process of individuality?
(a) Capitalism.
(b) Anarchy.
(c) Communism.
(d) Democracy.

8. What kind of acts are "phenomena of abundance"?
(a) Free or spontaneous acts.
(b) Acts of individuality.
(c) Calculated acts.
(d) Malicious acts.

9. What does Fromm say even a democratic society can pressure individuals to do?
(a) Dominate others.
(b) Conform.
(c) Submit to others.
(d) Give up their money.

10. What psychological idea is destructiveness related to?
(a) Sadism.
(b) Neurosis.
(c) Amnesia.
(d) Psychosis.

11. What psychological approach does Fromm use to study history?
(a) Ethnocentricity.
(b) Individuality.
(c) Multiple Perspectives.
(d) Psychoanalytical.

12. What is democratic socialism?
(a) Fascism with economic liberalism.
(b) A political and economic system with a central bureaucracy that is supported by the people.
(c) A political and economic system where the people vote for a dictator.
(d) Economic restictions with a free government.

13. What academic, who Fromm disagrees with, also wrote about the social interpretation of the human development?
(a) Jung.
(b) Freud.
(c) Engels.
(d) Pavlov.

14. What German class of people was most likely to submit to Nazism?
(a) Upper class.
(b) Lower, middle classes.
(c) Royalty.
(d) Working class.

15. What is automaton conformity?
(a) The practice of conforming to a hero.
(b) Conforming only to one's self.
(c) The practice of ignoring society.
(d) The practice of individuals becoming like everyone else.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why is it possible for people to conform without their knowledge?

2. What did Freud believe to be the driving force behind human action?

3. Why does Fromm suggest analyzing psychological mechanisms in individuals?

4. What type of character was familiar to the lower, middle class?

5. What does Fromm believe to be the main driving force in history?

(see the answer keys)

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