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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does the social character influence?
(a) The democractic system.
(b) The individual's desire for freedom.
(c) The economic process.
(d) The social progress.

2. What world event left Germany in financial ruin and ultimately fostered support for Hitler among the lower, middle class Germans?
(a) Germany's civil war.
(b) The French Revolution.
(c) World War I.
(d) World War II.

3. What is democratic socialism?
(a) Fascism with economic liberalism.
(b) Economic restictions with a free government.
(c) A political and economic system where the people vote for a dictator.
(d) A political and economic system with a central bureaucracy that is supported by the people.

4. What is one false theory about why the Nazis came to power?
(a) The Nazis came to power via a strong political figure who coerced society.
(b) The German people wanted the Nazi party to rise to power.
(c) The Nazi party rigged elections.
(d) The Nazi party was the least popular.

5. Who wrote the book "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism"?
(a) Karl Marx.
(b) Max Weber.
(c) Martin Luther.
(d) John Calvin.

6. What does Fromm cite as the psychological reason for Hitler and his followers' desire for sadomasochism?
(a) Society's need for submission.
(b) Increased social freedom.
(c) The isolation of man.
(d) Man's desire for power.

7. According to Fromm, who must the economy be a servant to?
(a) Man.
(b) The wealthy politicans.
(c) The economy should not serve anyone.
(d) Society.

8. What is the term Fromm uses to describe an individual act that does not compromise one's integrity?
(a) Negative freedom.
(b) Positive acts.
(c) Positive freedom.
(d) Positive individuality.

9. What happened to Germany's economic stability following World War I?
(a) Germany's economy was strengthened.
(b) Germany's economy was the strongest in its history.
(c) Germany's economy remained unchanged.
(d) Germany's economy was weakened.

10. What German social class supported Hitler but did not adopt his ideologies?
(a) Upper class and conservative.
(b) Middle class and moderate.
(c) Working class and liberal.
(d) Upper class and liberal.

11. What is an authoritarian character?
(a) A person who seeks authority over others.
(b) A person who submits to authority but does not hold it over others.
(c) A person who submits to authority and wants to exercise authority over others.
(d) A person who does not respect authority.

12. When he first came to power, which social class did Hitler favor?
(a) Lower class.
(b) Middle class.
(c) Nobility.
(d) Upper class.

13. Why did the first group of Germans who supported Hitler submit to the power of the Nazis?
(a) Fear and isolation.
(b) Resignation and tiredness.
(c) They wanted more freedom.
(d) Power and greed.

14. Prior to World War I, who was the lower, middle class obedient to?
(a) German monarchy.
(b) President of the United States.
(c) German chancellor.
(d) They were not obedient to anyone yet.

15. What happens when the political restraints that an individual has come to rely on are removed?
(a) The fear and isolation are completely eliminated.
(b) People finally feel free and individual.
(c) The fear and isolation are made much worse.
(d) There is still fear, and isolated people find something new to depend on.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is "pseudo-thinking"?

2. What is NOT a characteristic of the old, middle class that Fromm identifies?

3. How does Fromm categorize the first group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

4. What academic, who Fromm disagrees with, also wrote about the social interpretation of the human development?

5. In the chapter "Freedom and Democracy," how does a person develop individuality?

(see the answer keys)

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