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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does the development of individual and social characters lead to?
(a) Less freedom for the individual.
(b) More freedom for the individual.
(c) The development of historical events.
(d) The collapse of society.

2. What is society's character based on?
(a) It can be based on the analysis of the individual.
(b) It cannot be based on the analysis of the individual.
(c) Analyzing society is a waste of time.
(d) Analyzing the individual is a water of time.

3. What was the ultimate goal of the Nazi party?
(a) Gain power.
(b) Strengthen German society for everyone.
(c) Give up power.
(d) Gain freedom.

4. What has a key role in human development?
(a) Social forces.
(b) Religious forces.
(c) Family forces.
(d) Individual forces.

5. What does Fromm cite as the psychological reason for Hitler and his followers' desire for sadomasochism?
(a) Increased social freedom.
(b) The isolation of man.
(c) Society's need for submission.
(d) Man's desire for power.

6. What does Fromm argue that leads to man act destructively?
(a) Participation in a group causes man to act destructively.
(b) Capitalism causes man to act destructively.
(c) Isolation and fear causes man to act destructively.
(d) Freedom causes man to act destructively.

7. Why is it possible for people to conform without their knowledge?
(a) People want to belong.
(b) They do so subconsciously.
(c) It is not possible.
(d) People think their thoughts are their own, but they have come from another source.

8. What is one false theory about why the Nazis came to power?
(a) The Nazi party rigged elections.
(b) The German people wanted the Nazi party to rise to power.
(c) The Nazis came to power via a strong political figure who coerced society.
(d) The Nazi party was the least popular.

9. What political ideology is reinforced by an authoritarian character?
(a) Democracy.
(b) Hinduism.
(c) Communism.
(d) Facism.

10. What German social class both submitted to Hitler and fully adopted his Nazi ideology?
(a) Lower, middle class.
(b) Upper, middle class.
(c) Nobility.
(d) Upper class.

11. What type of character was familiar to the lower, middle class?
(a) Liberal.
(b) Wealthy.
(c) Capitalistic.
(d) Authoritarian.

12. What weaknesses do sadists and masochists compensate for?
(a) Power.
(b) Isolation and fear.
(c) Freedom.
(d) Lack of money.

13. What did Hitler's sadistic nature lead him to desire?
(a) He sought power over others.
(b) He wished to help others.
(c) He wanted to be dominated.
(d) He wanted to dominate and be submissive.

14. Why did the second group of Germans who both supported the Nazis and adopt their ideas submit to Hitler?
(a) Nazism appealed to their desire for authoritarianism.
(b) They wanted to have more freedom.
(c) They enjoyed fewer taxes under Nazism.
(d) They wanted to dominate others.

15. What kind of acts are "phenomena of abundance"?
(a) Malicious acts.
(b) Free or spontaneous acts.
(c) Calculated acts.
(d) Acts of individuality.

Short Answer Questions

1. What happened to Germany's economic stability following World War I?

2. What historian believed that religion drives the social process?

3. What are the consequences for democratic societies when conformity exists?

4. How does Fromm categorize the first group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

5. What approach to history views the economic interests as the cause of religion and political ideas?

(see the answer keys)

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