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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why did the second group of Germans who both supported the Nazis and adopt their ideas submit to Hitler?
(a) Nazism appealed to their desire for authoritarianism.
(b) They enjoyed fewer taxes under Nazism.
(c) They wanted to have more freedom.
(d) They wanted to dominate others.

2. What did Hitler's sadistic nature lead him to desire?
(a) He wanted to be dominated.
(b) He wished to help others.
(c) He wanted to dominate and be submissive.
(d) He sought power over others.

3. What is NOT a characteristic of the old, middle class that Fromm identifies?
(a) Frugality.
(b) Pride.
(c) Thrift.
(d) Cautiousness.

4. What did Freud believe to be the driving force behind human action?
(a) Instinct.
(b) Dominance.
(c) Freedom.
(d) Choice.

5. When he first came to power, which social class did Hitler favor?
(a) Nobility.
(b) Upper class.
(c) Middle class.
(d) Lower class.

6. What is "pseudo-thinking"?
(a) Pretending to act on a thought.
(b) Pretending to think.
(c) Unconscious repitition of other's opinions as our own.
(d) Impulsive thoughts.

7. What do masochistic people seek?
(a) They want to submit to a stronger person.
(b) They want to both submit and dominate.
(c) They want to dominate a stronger person.
(d) They want to dominate a weaker person.

8. What assumptions about man are made that lead people to fear chaos if he acts only in accordance with himself?
(a) People assume man is bad and will act destructively.
(b) People assume man will follow others.
(c) People assume man needs more freedom.
(d) People assume man will make the best decisions, all the time.

9. What feelings increase when automatic behaviors, like conformity, exist?
(a) Freedom and integrity.
(b) Love and honesty.
(c) Power and greed.
(d) Fear and isolation.

10. What does Fromm believe each individual is capable of expressing, as discussed in the chapter "Freedom and Democracy"?
(a) Expressing himself as part of a group.
(b) Expressing his sadomasochistic desires.
(c) Expressing a desire to mend primary ties.
(d) Expressing himself as an individual.

11. What forces in a capitalistic society isolate people?
(a) Economic forces.
(b) Familial forces.
(c) Social forces.
(d) Religious forces.

12. Prior to World War I, who was the lower, middle class obedient to?
(a) German chancellor.
(b) German monarchy.
(c) President of the United States.
(d) They were not obedient to anyone yet.

13. What political and economic beliefs does Fromm wish to reconnect man with?
(a) Fascism and a market driven economy.
(b) Communism and a socialist economy.
(c) Democratic principles and a planned economy.
(d) Marxism and a capitalistic economy.

14. What are the consequences for democratic societies when conformity exists?
(a) Dominance over others is encouraged and rewarded.
(b) Distrust of infomation and a willingness to believe what is told to you.
(c) Too much trust in the community and dominance over others.
(d) Too little information is shared with society.

15. What social structure does Fromm suggest should be part of the psychological aspect of society?
(a) Family.
(b) Education.
(c) Economy.
(d) Society.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who does the individual submit to when conforming?

2. What circumstances directly affected a person's willingness to submit to an authoritarian like Hitler?

3. What do masochists receive from their submissive acts?

4. What does Fromm argue that leads to man act destructively?

5. What German social class supported Hitler but did not adopt his ideologies?

(see the answer keys)

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