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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What kind of acts are "phenomena of abundance"?
(a) Acts of individuality.
(b) Free or spontaneous acts.
(c) Malicious acts.
(d) Calculated acts.

2. What academic, who Fromm disagrees with, also wrote about the social interpretation of the human development?
(a) Freud.
(b) Engels.
(c) Pavlov.
(d) Jung.

3. What do both societies and individuals possess that make them unique?
(a) Characters.
(b) Money.
(c) Greed.
(d) Power.

4. What do masochists receive from their submissive acts?
(a) Pleasure.
(b) Pain.
(c) Obedience.
(d) Power.

5. What psychological approach does Fromm use to study history?
(a) Ethnocentricity.
(b) Multiple Perspectives.
(c) Psychoanalytical.
(d) Individuality.

6. What assumptions about man are made that lead people to fear chaos if he acts only in accordance with himself?
(a) People assume man is bad and will act destructively.
(b) People assume man will make the best decisions, all the time.
(c) People assume man will follow others.
(d) People assume man needs more freedom.

7. What is "Mein Kampf"?
(a) A book about the Holocaust.
(b) A book about pre-Hitler Germany.
(c) A German history book.
(d) Hitler's autobiography.

8. What did Freud believe to be the driving force behind human action?
(a) Freedom.
(b) Instinct.
(c) Choice.
(d) Dominance.

9. What is an authoritarian character?
(a) A person who seeks authority over others.
(b) A person who submits to authority and wants to exercise authority over others.
(c) A person who submits to authority but does not hold it over others.
(d) A person who does not respect authority.

10. What do sadists seek?
(a) They seek to be dominated.
(b) They seek to dominate others.
(c) They seek submission.
(d) They avoid dominance.

11. What do masochistic people seek?
(a) They want to submit to a stronger person.
(b) They want to both submit and dominate.
(c) They want to dominate a stronger person.
(d) They want to dominate a weaker person.

12. What circumstances directly affected a person's willingness to submit to an authoritarian like Hitler?
(a) Religion.
(b) Isolation from society.
(c) Powerlessness.
(d) Their economic situation.

13. What is automaton conformity?
(a) The practice of conforming to a hero.
(b) The practice of individuals becoming like everyone else.
(c) Conforming only to one's self.
(d) The practice of ignoring society.

14. According to Freud's "psychologistic" approach to understanding human culture, what image inspired early Christianity?
(a) Ambivalence toward society.
(b) Love for the mother.
(c) Ambivalence toward the mother.
(d) Ambivalence toward the father.

15. How did Hitler feel about Germany?
(a) He disliked Germany.
(b) He did not want to see Germany succeed.
(c) He felt indifferently.
(d) He loved Germany.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Fromm, who must the economy be a servant to?

2. What did the lower, middle class of Nazi Germany do for a living?

3. What practice does Fromm cite evidence that an individual's thoughts could be suggested by someone else?

4. What world event left Germany in financial ruin and ultimately fostered support for Hitler among the lower, middle class Germans?

5. What psychological idea is destructiveness related to?

(see the answer keys)

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