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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What religions attracted the middle class during the Renaissance?
(a) Hindu and Buddism.
(b) Lutheranism and Calvinism.
(c) Judaism and Catholicism.
(d) Catholicism and Islam.

2. What new economic system grew out of the Reformation?
(a) Capitalism.
(b) Trade.
(c) Working class domination.
(d) Laissez-faire.

3. In what country did John Calvin's Protestant movement get started?
(a) Germany.
(b) Italy.
(c) Switzerland.
(d) France.

4. How did the Middle Ages support man's freedom?
(a) Personal freedom was reserved for the elite.
(b) Man had an abundance of personal freedom.
(c) Man had a lack of personal freedom.
(d) The Middle Ages were indifferent to freedom.

5. According to Fromm's animal kingdom analogy, why is man so helpless at birth?
(a) Man is disconnected from his fellow man.
(b) Man needs others to guide him.
(c) Man is disconnected from nature.
(d) Man relies on learning in order to adapt to nature.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who is the servant of capitalism?

2. What group was responsible for improving the economic position of the worker?

3. In the description of Emily's self-discovery, what did she examine when sitting on her perch?

4. According to Calvin, what does leading a virtuous life alleviate?

5. What tool developed out of the new capitalistic system that helped promote business?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Luther's teachings support capitalism?

2. How are Fromm's ideas about the individual and society different from Freud's analysis?

3. How does Fromm feel about man gaining freedom but losing personal security?

4. What was the economic system like during medieval times?

5. What is the significance of the department store reference that Fromm makes in the chapter, "The Two Aspects of Freedom and Modern Man"?

6. How do Fromm and Luther differ in the definition of selfishness?

7. How does Fromm uses freedom of speech to explain that when a freedom is gained, it is also restricted?

8. How does an individual's learning further the process of individuation and how does this affect a child's relationship with his mother?

9. How did Lutheranism challenge the Catholic Church?

10. What are Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Kafka, and Green's points of view with regards to the individual?

(see the answer keys)

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