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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What reason does Fromm cite for the rise of authoritarian leaders like Hitler?
(a) These leaders were cunning and used trickery to get their way.
(b) These leaders were too forceful and its members could not resist.
(c) These societies were lacking training in democracy.
(d) People were seeking ways to escape from the responsibility of freedom.

2. Who described moral isolation in "The Inventor's Suffering"?
(a) Freud.
(b) Marx.
(c) Balzac.
(d) Fromm.

3. What characteristic identified people during the Middle Ages?
(a) People were not separated by anything during this time.
(b) People were identified by their occupations.
(c) People were identified by their dress.
(d) People were identified by their birthplace.

4. What did man lose as a result of his new-found freedom during the Renaissance?
(a) Loss of family.
(b) Loss of money.
(c) Loss of security.
(d) Loss of social class.

5. According to Calvin, what does leading a virtuous life alleviate?
(a) Fate.
(b) Anxiety.
(c) Predestination.
(d) Sin.

Short Answer Questions

1. What factor became the greatest social influence during the Renaissance?

2. Which of the following was NOT a restriction during the Middle Ages?

3. In the description of Emily's self-discovery, what did she examine when sitting on her perch?

4. What was a positive social aspect of the Middle Ages?

5. What did Luther teach about man?

Short Essay Questions

1. How was fascism viewed when it first came to power?

2. How did Lutheranism challenge the Catholic Church?

3. What were John Calvin's ideas about religion, and how were they similar and different to Luther's ideologies?

4. What is the difference between static and dynamic adaptation?

5. What impact did cultural events from the Middle Ages through the modern era have on Fromm's meaning of freedom?

6. What are Fromm's thoughts about the battles for freedom in the chapter "Freedom-A Psychological Problem"?

7. How does Fromm feel about man gaining freedom but losing personal security?

8. How does Fromm uses freedom of speech to explain that when a freedom is gained, it is also restricted?

9. How does capitalism affect an individual's freedom, and what are Fromm's criticisms of capitalism?

10. What are Fromm's thoughts about the choices an individual faces?

(see the answer keys)

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