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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What do sadists seek?
(a) They seek submission.
(b) They avoid dominance.
(c) They seek to be dominated.
(d) They seek to dominate others.

2. How does Fromm categorize the first group of Germans who supported the Nazis?
(a) Those who did not submit to the Nazis.
(b) Germans who joined the Nazis.
(c) Those who both submitted to the Nazis and adopted their ideas.
(d) Those who submitted to the Nazis but did not accept their ideas.

3. Why did the Nazi regime appear to be stable?
(a) Hitler was no longer in power.
(b) The population seemed to have its needs met.
(c) The citizens were in revolt.
(d) The population had trouble being submissive.

4. What political and economic beliefs does Fromm wish to reconnect man with?
(a) Communism and a socialist economy.
(b) Democratic principles and a planned economy.
(c) Fascism and a market driven economy.
(d) Marxism and a capitalistic economy.

5. What does the development of individual and social characters lead to?
(a) Less freedom for the individual.
(b) The collapse of society.
(c) The development of historical events.
(d) More freedom for the individual.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why did the first group of Germans who supported Hitler submit to the power of the Nazis?

2. What type of character was familiar to the lower, middle class?

3. What German social class supported Hitler but did not adopt his ideologies?

4. What circumstances directly affected a person's willingness to submit to an authoritarian like Hitler?

5. What is society's character based on?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the social function of education?

2. What are the similarities and differences between sadism and destructiveness?

3. What were the economic, social, and political conditions like in Germany prior to Hitler's rise to power?

4. What are the consequences for the individual and society when pressure to conform exists?

5. What is authority, as defined in the chapter "Mechanisms of Escape"?

6. What is spontaneous action and original thought?

7. What is true freedom and what do Fromm's critics fear it can lead to?

8. How does the loss of identify affect an individual's willingness to conform, and what are the consequences for it?

9. What two choices does a person have when confronted by isolation and fear in achieving freedom?

10. How does Fromm describe sadistic people?

(see the answer keys)

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