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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why did the second group of Germans who both supported the Nazis and adopt their ideas submit to Hitler?
(a) Nazism appealed to their desire for authoritarianism.
(b) They wanted to have more freedom.
(c) They enjoyed fewer taxes under Nazism.
(d) They wanted to dominate others.

2. What was the ultimate goal of the Nazi party?
(a) Strengthen German society for everyone.
(b) Gain power.
(c) Give up power.
(d) Gain freedom.

3. What historian believed that religion drives the social process?
(a) Kafka.
(b) Weber.
(c) Engels.
(d) Marx.

4. What is an authoritarian character?
(a) A person who submits to authority and wants to exercise authority over others.
(b) A person who submits to authority but does not hold it over others.
(c) A person who seeks authority over others.
(d) A person who does not respect authority.

5. When he first came to power, which social class did Hitler favor?
(a) Middle class.
(b) Nobility.
(c) Upper class.
(d) Lower class.

Short Answer Questions

1. What circumstances directly affected a person's willingness to submit to an authoritarian like Hitler?

2. According to Freud's "psychologistic" approach to understanding human culture, what image inspired early Christianity?

3. What does Fromm believe each individual is capable of expressing, as discussed in the chapter "Freedom and Democracy"?

4. What are the consequences for democratic societies when conformity exists?

5. What assumptions about man are made that lead people to fear chaos if he acts only in accordance with himself?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Fromm describe masochistic people?

2. What is true freedom and what do Fromm's critics fear it can lead to?

3. What qualities did Hitler and Nazism possess that appealed to a large population of Germans?

4. How does the loss of identify affect an individual's willingness to conform, and what are the consequences for it?

5. What traits of an authoritarian character did Hitler possess?

6. What is automaton conformity?

7. How does a democratic society put pressure on individuals to conform?

8. What two choices does a person have when confronted by isolation and fear in achieving freedom?

9. What are the similarities and differences between sadism and destructiveness?

10. What role does the family have in developing the character structure of an individual?

(see the answer keys)

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