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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What psychological approach does Fromm use to study history?
(a) Individuality.
(b) Multiple Perspectives.
(c) Ethnocentricity.
(d) Psychoanalytical.

2. What happens when the political restraints that an individual has come to rely on are removed?
(a) The fear and isolation are made much worse.
(b) People finally feel free and individual.
(c) There is still fear, and isolated people find something new to depend on.
(d) The fear and isolation are completely eliminated.

3. What political and economic beliefs does Fromm wish to reconnect man with?
(a) Democratic principles and a planned economy.
(b) Communism and a socialist economy.
(c) Fascism and a market driven economy.
(d) Marxism and a capitalistic economy.

4. What academic, who Fromm disagrees with, also wrote about the social interpretation of the human development?
(a) Pavlov.
(b) Engels.
(c) Freud.
(d) Jung.

5. What is "pseudo-thinking"?
(a) Unconscious repitition of other's opinions as our own.
(b) Pretending to think.
(c) Impulsive thoughts.
(d) Pretending to act on a thought.

Short Answer Questions

1. What do Fromm's critics fear will happen to society during the process of individuality?

2. How does Fromm categorize the second group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

3. What is "spontaneous" action?

4. According to Fromm, why does sadism appear natural?

5. What historian believed that religion drives the social process?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to Fromm, why are "normal" people willing to conform to the ideas of an authoritarian character?

2. What are the similarities and differences between sadism and destructiveness?

3. Why was Nazism so appealing to the lower middle class of Germans?

4. How does social character affect different groups?

5. What role does character play in the individual and society?

6. How does the loss of identify affect an individual's willingness to conform, and what are the consequences for it?

7. What characteristics describe the first group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

8. How does formal education limit a child's freedom?

9. What qualities did Hitler and Nazism possess that appealed to a large population of Germans?

10. What was life like for the lower, middle class following World War I? How did these conditions impact impacted their submission to Nazism?

(see the answer keys)

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