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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In addition to a love for Germany, what other authoritarian characteristic did Hitler possess?
(a) Hatred for other groups.
(b) Desire to submit.
(c) Belief in religious freedom.
(d) Feelings of powerlessness.

2. Why did the second group of Germans who both supported the Nazis and adopt their ideas submit to Hitler?
(a) They enjoyed fewer taxes under Nazism.
(b) They wanted to have more freedom.
(c) Nazism appealed to their desire for authoritarianism.
(d) They wanted to dominate others.

3. What is the term Fromm uses to describe an individual act that does not compromise one's integrity?
(a) Positive individuality.
(b) Positive freedom.
(c) Positive acts.
(d) Negative freedom.

4. What feelings increase when automatic behaviors, like conformity, exist?
(a) Power and greed.
(b) Love and honesty.
(c) Fear and isolation.
(d) Freedom and integrity.

5. Whose theory about economic gains driving history have many historians misunderstood?
(a) Freud.
(b) Marx.
(c) Engels.
(d) Bancroft.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Fromm say even a democratic society can pressure individuals to do?

2. What do sadists seek?

3. What do Fromm's critics fear will happen to society during the process of individuality?

4. What approach to history views the economic interests as the cause of religion and political ideas?

5. What assumptions about man are made that lead people to fear chaos if he acts only in accordance with himself?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was life like for the lower, middle class following World War I? How did these conditions impact impacted their submission to Nazism?

2. How does social character affect different groups?

3. What are the similarities and differences between sadism and destructiveness?

4. What role does the family have in developing the character structure of an individual?

5. According to Fromm, why are "normal" people willing to conform to the ideas of an authoritarian character?

6. How does a democratic society put pressure on individuals to conform?

7. What characteristics describe the first group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

8. How does formal education limit a child's freedom?

9. How does Fromm describe sadistic people?

10. What are the consequences for the individual and society when pressure to conform exists?

(see the answer keys)

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