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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What circumstances directly affected a person's willingness to submit to an authoritarian like Hitler?
(a) Isolation from society.
(b) Religion.
(c) Powerlessness.
(d) Their economic situation.

2. What is the term Fromm uses to describe an individual act that does not compromise one's integrity?
(a) Positive individuality.
(b) Negative freedom.
(c) Positive freedom.
(d) Positive acts.

3. What name does Fromm give to the isolation that allows Fascism to grow?
(a) Mulch.
(b) Dirt.
(c) Fertile soil.
(d) Fertilizer.

4. What does Fromm believe each individual is capable of expressing, as discussed in the chapter "Freedom and Democracy"?
(a) Expressing himself as part of a group.
(b) Expressing a desire to mend primary ties.
(c) Expressing himself as an individual.
(d) Expressing his sadomasochistic desires.

5. Which view of human culture takes into account how religious ideas develop economic behavior?
(a) Utopian.
(b) Democratic.
(c) Idealistic.
(d) Socialistic.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did Fromm separate the two groups of German people who supported the Nazis?

2. What does the development of individual and social characters lead to?

3. What historian believed that religion drives the social process?

4. What German social class both submitted to Hitler and fully adopted his Nazi ideology?

5. What is society's character based on?

Short Essay Questions

1. How is an individual's character structure affected by economic and political changes?

2. How does Fromm describe masochistic people?

3. According to Fromm, why are "normal" people willing to conform to the ideas of an authoritarian character?

4. What role does character play in the individual and society?

5. How does formal education limit a child's freedom?

6. What was life like for the lower, middle class following World War I? How did these conditions impact impacted their submission to Nazism?

7. What is true freedom and what do Fromm's critics fear it can lead to?

8. What role does the family have in developing the character structure of an individual?

9. What characteristics describe the second group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

10. What are the similarities and differences between sadism and destructiveness?

(see the answer keys)

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