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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is an authoritarian character?
(a) A person who seeks authority over others.
(b) A person who submits to authority but does not hold it over others.
(c) A person who submits to authority and wants to exercise authority over others.
(d) A person who does not respect authority.

2. What are the consequences for democratic societies when conformity exists?
(a) Distrust of infomation and a willingness to believe what is told to you.
(b) Too much trust in the community and dominance over others.
(c) Too little information is shared with society.
(d) Dominance over others is encouraged and rewarded.

3. What is "Mein Kampf"?
(a) A book about the Holocaust.
(b) A book about pre-Hitler Germany.
(c) A German history book.
(d) Hitler's autobiography.

4. What is the term Fromm uses to describe an individual act that does not compromise one's integrity?
(a) Positive acts.
(b) Positive individuality.
(c) Negative freedom.
(d) Positive freedom.

5. What psychological approach does Fromm use to study history?
(a) Psychoanalytical.
(b) Individuality.
(c) Ethnocentricity.
(d) Multiple Perspectives.

Short Answer Questions

1. What happens when the political restraints that an individual has come to rely on are removed?

2. What approach to history views the economic interests as the cause of religion and political ideas?

3. What political ideology is reinforced by an authoritarian character?

4. What is Fromm's theory about Hitler and the success of the Nazi party?

5. What social structure does Fromm suggest should be part of the psychological aspect of society?

Short Essay Questions

1. What role does character play in the individual and society?

2. What is true freedom and what do Fromm's critics fear it can lead to?

3. What is the relationship between sadism and masochism? How does the relationship affect authoritarian characters?

4. What characteristics describe the first group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

5. What two false theories does Fromm discount that accounted for the rise of Nazism?

6. What role does the family have in developing the character structure of an individual?

7. What qualities did Hitler and Nazism possess that appealed to a large population of Germans?

8. How does the loss of identify affect an individual's willingness to conform, and what are the consequences for it?

9. What are the similarities and differences between sadism and destructiveness?

10. What was life like for the lower, middle class following World War I? How did these conditions impact impacted their submission to Nazism?

(see the answer keys)

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