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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What time period was marked by man's darkness and scheming?
(a) The Dark Ages.
(b) The Middle Ages.
(c) The Renaissance.
(d) Industrial Revolution.

2. What new economic system grew out of the Reformation?
(a) Working class domination.
(b) Trade.
(c) Laissez-faire.
(d) Capitalism.

3. What relationship connects oneself to the world without compromising individuality?
(a) Religion and society.
(b) Work and family.
(c) Man and nature.
(d) Man and society.

4. How did the Middle Ages support man's freedom?
(a) The Middle Ages were indifferent to freedom.
(b) Man had an abundance of personal freedom.
(c) Man had a lack of personal freedom.
(d) Personal freedom was reserved for the elite.

5. What contradiction of freedom does Fromm discuss in his book?
(a) Man is equally isolated and independent.
(b) Man has no increased isolation or independence.
(c) Man is more independent but also more isolated.
(d) Man is more isolated but less independent.

6. Whose work about a ten-year-old child's awareness of self does Fromm reference?
(a) Engles.
(b) Marx.
(c) R. Hughes.
(d) Freud.

7. What does Fromm believe is the greatest assertion of individuality?
(a) Dying while fighting for your freedom.
(b) Fighting for freedom was not worth it.
(c) Fighting for oppression.
(d) Fighting for oppression was easier than fighting for freedom.

8. According to Freud, how is man best described?
(a) Anti-social.
(b) Pyschotic.
(c) Impressionable.
(d) Indecisive.

9. Why does an individual adapt to a new situation and habit?
(a) They adapt to a new situation out of necessity to a situation.
(b) They adapt to a situation out of choice.
(c) They adapt when a new habit cannot be formed.
(d) They adapt whn an old habit is broken in favor of a new one.

10. What was a positive social aspect of the Middle Ages?
(a) Ioslation.
(b) Increased individual freedom.
(c) Loss of self.
(d) Solidarity.

11. What does Fromm identify as the main motive for human behavior?
(a) Self-Preservation.
(b) Group belonging.
(c) Individual freedom.
(d) Isolation.

12. How does Fromm define selfishness?
(a) Being aware of one's self.
(b) Ignoring others.
(c) Acting in one's self-interest.
(d) Enjoying capitalism.

13. In "Freedom-A Psychological Problem," how does Fromm define work?
(a) Work is whatever the individual wants it to be.
(b) Work is concrete and part of an economic system.
(c) Work is anything man does for himself.
(d) Work is anything man does for the group.

14. Which writer summarized Fromm's thoughts on isolation and powerlessness?
(a) Marx.
(b) Kafka.
(c) Engels.
(d) Julian Green.

15. What changes in a child's relationship to society during the individuation process?
(a) There is no change in this relationship.
(b) Society shuns the child.
(c) The child becomes more separated from society.
(d) The child becomes more included in a group.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did the new wealthy class seek during the Renaissance?

2. According to Fromm, what religious thinking helps society prepare for capitalism?

3. What religions attracted the middle class during the Renaissance?

4. What group was responsible for improving the economic position of the worker?

5. What independent business does Fromm reference as a model for the new middle class?

(see the answer keys)

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