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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following does Fromm NOT mention when discussing the definition of freedom?
(a) Freedom is easily attained.
(b) Freedom can be a threat.
(c) For some, freedom is cherished.
(d) Freedom is the absence of pressure.

2. According to Fromm, what competing forces does man struggle with?
(a) Ego and modesty.
(b) Money and loyalty.
(c) Fairness and greed.
(d) Individuality and freedom.

3. Which great thinker does Fromm NOT credit in his book?
(a) Pavlov.
(b) Freud.
(c) Marx.
(d) Nietzsche.

4. What does Fromm identify as the main motive for human behavior?
(a) Self-Preservation.
(b) Isolation.
(c) Group belonging.
(d) Individual freedom.

5. Why did the middle class see an increase in white-collar workers?
(a) Immigration.
(b) Political reform.
(c) Big business expansion.
(d) Increased education.

6. What independent business does Fromm reference as a model for the new middle class?
(a) Artisans.
(b) Gas station owners.
(c) Farmers.
(d) Politicians.

7. Why was medieval man in bondage?
(a) He was still bound by primary ties.
(b) He was not self-aware.
(c) He was bound to the church.
(d) He was not part of a group.

8. Whose work about a ten-year-old child's awareness of self does Fromm reference?
(a) Engles.
(b) Marx.
(c) Freud.
(d) R. Hughes.

9. Which of the following is NOT a way in which a child grows during the individuation process?
(a) Emotionally.
(b) Physically.
(c) Individually.
(d) Mentally.

10. What organizations were formed during the Renaissance to control prices?
(a) The church.
(b) Guilds.
(c) Unions.
(d) Monopolies.

11. What factor became the greatest social influence during the Renaissance?
(a) Family.
(b) Education.
(c) Wealth.
(d) Individuality.

12. Who described the fearful individual as tormented by self-doubt?
(a) Marx.
(b) Fromm.
(c) Freud.
(d) Kiekegaard.

13. What relationship connects oneself to the world without compromising individuality?
(a) Man and society.
(b) Work and family.
(c) Man and nature.
(d) Religion and society.

14. What changes in a child's relationship to society during the individuation process?
(a) The child becomes more included in a group.
(b) The child becomes more separated from society.
(c) Society shuns the child.
(d) There is no change in this relationship.

15. When are fears most likely to be flexible?
(a) Never.
(b) Adulthood.
(c) Childhood.
(d) Geriatrics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What happens to primary ties once they are cut?

2. According to Calvin, what does leading a virtuous life alleviate?

3. How has the role of the "boss" changed in the modern world?

4. What did man lose as a result of his new-found freedom during the Renaissance?

5. What did Luther teach about man?

(see the answer keys)

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