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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How has the role of the "boss" changed in the modern world?
(a) There is no boss.
(b) The boss has a less personal role and is more anonymous.
(c) The boss works alongside his workers.
(d) The boss is more involved.

2. Where did the Renaissance begin?
(a) Germany.
(b) United States.
(c) Italy.
(d) France.

3. Why does man suffer from eating the forbidden fruit?
(a) He believes that what he did was wrong.
(b) He feels separated from nature and alone.
(c) He does not suffer.
(d) He feels greedy.

4. Who described the fearful individual as tormented by self-doubt?
(a) Fromm.
(b) Freud.
(c) Marx.
(d) Kiekegaard.

5. What was a positive social aspect of the Middle Ages?
(a) Increased individual freedom.
(b) Solidarity.
(c) Ioslation.
(d) Loss of self.

6. Why would Fromm view the action of man eating the forbidden fruit as a positive act?
(a) Man fought against nature.
(b) Man took a risk.
(c) Man took a step toward becoming an individual.
(d) Man separated himself from woman.

7. How does Fromm define selfishness?
(a) Enjoying capitalism.
(b) Acting in one's self-interest.
(c) Being aware of one's self.
(d) Ignoring others.

8. What was a key factor to the changes taking place in Europe at the close of the Middle Ages?
(a) Social change.
(b) Religious change.
(c) Family structure changes.
(d) Economic change.

9. What does Fromm call the political freedoms associated with capitalism?
(a) Monetary freedoms.
(b) Negative freedoms.
(c) Capitalistic freedoms.
(d) Positive freedoms.

10. What did the social order provide individuals during the Middle Ages?
(a) Feelings of security and belonging.
(b) Freedom.
(c) Individuality.
(d) Money.

11. What social class found Lutheranism the most appealing?
(a) Middle Class.
(b) Upper Class.
(c) Royalty.
(d) Lower Class.

12. Who described moral isolation in "The Inventor's Suffering"?
(a) Freud.
(b) Fromm.
(c) Balzac.
(d) Marx.

13. What reason does Fromm cite for the rise of authoritarian leaders like Hitler?
(a) People were seeking ways to escape from the responsibility of freedom.
(b) These societies were lacking training in democracy.
(c) These leaders were too forceful and its members could not resist.
(d) These leaders were cunning and used trickery to get their way.

14. What economic related problem led to feelings of individual powerlessness?
(a) Trade unions.
(b) High taxes.
(c) Guilds.
(d) Unemployment.

15. What is individuation?
(a) A time when an individual gives up his individuality.
(b) The process by which the group singles out an individual.
(c) The growing process of the individual.
(d) When an individual loses his identity to the group.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Freud, how is man best described?

2. What new economic system grew out of the Reformation?

3. According to Fromm's animal kingdom analogy, why is man so helpless at birth?

4. How did man view himself and nature during the Renaissance?

5. What outlined most new freedoms of the Reformation?

(see the answer keys)

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