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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did nature continue to redeem individuals in pastoral ideology?

2. Why does Marx say that machines could be welcomed into America?

3. How does industrialism devalue man, in Carlyle's opinion?

4. How did Melville describe whaling?

5. What else does Marx say about people who live pastoral lives?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the context in which Marx was writing the epilogue?

2. How does Marx describe modern man's relationship with the pastoral ideal?

3. How did Thoreau reconcile machines and nature?

4. What was America's first response to steam power in England?

5. How did the pastoral ideal redeem the horrors of industrialism?

6. What is the future of the pastoral ideal in Marx's view at the end of the epilogue?

7. What was the dark side of industrialism, in most writers' eyes?

8. How did Daniel Webster describe industrialism?

9. What was Tench Coxe's contribution to the American pastoral ideal?

10. What is complex pastoral ideology, and where does Marx see it in evidence?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

From driving to National Parks, or seeing wildlife in zoos or managing environments for the sake of wildfires or endangered species, Americans seem to be able to reconcile a high level of science and industry with a high sense of nature and pristineness. What arts or cultural developments have allowed Americans to endure the paradoxes of their industrial lifestyles?

Essay Topic 2

How does race factor into the experience of America pastoralism? What role did the Africans, slaves, and Native Americans have in the landscape? Was race a taint? (Was race a taint for whites as well?) Were they just emblems of nature to be treated like any other natural resource, or did pastoralism extend to the possibility of black white and red men running the earth in common?

Essay Topic 3

Write a review of Marx's 'The Machine in the Garden'. What did Marx set out to do in the book, and how did he do it? Did he accomplish his goals? Did he fulfill all his promises? Did he leave questions unanswered? Were there problems or contradictions in the work that undermined it?

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