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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was it that Jefferson described as a threat to the moral center of democracy?
(a) Industrialism.
(b) Corruption.
(c) European military power.
(d) Native Americans.

2. What does Marx relate Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' to?
(a) Natural spirituality.
(b) Political intrigue.
(c) Indigenous people.
(d) American colonization.

3. How had the Enlightenment changed pastoral thought, in Marx's account?
(a) Colonization had subdued the natives and killed off predatory animals.
(b) Factories had subjugated nature.
(c) Nature commanded new respect.
(d) Engineers could shape nature more efficiently.

4. What did the settlers find appealing about the New World?
(a) They could buy land so cheap from the natives.
(b) It was theirs by right of conquest.
(c) It was unsoiled by civilization.
(d) Everything was free for the taking.

5. What is the heart of the pastoral ideal?
(a) To turn nature into an industrial resource.
(b) To live in the lap of nature.
(c) To transform nature into an ordered place.
(d) To live out a primitive existence.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who typically espouses the sentimental pastoral ideal?

2. How have liberal thinkers portrayed the sentimental pastoral ideal, in Marx's account?

3. What form of art had reached a peak in Thomas Jefferson's time?

4. What did Jefferson want to keep in Europe?

5. Where was Hawthorne when he wrote the piece Marx analyzed?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the consequence of the pastoral ideal?

2. How does Marx describe the value of Shakespeare's 'The Tempest' in 'The Machine in the Garden'?

3. How did Jefferson change his view on industrialism?

4. How had Shakespeare learned about conditions in America?

5. How does Marx describe the ambiguity of existence Beverly hit on?

6. What is the pastoral ideal?

7. How does Shakespeare demonstrate the impossibility of the pastoral ideal?

8. Where has the pastoral ideal been apparent in American culture?

9. What contradiction marks the early accounts of the New World, according to Marx?

10. How had the Enlightenment changed pastoral thought by the time of Jefferson?

(see the answer keys)

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