1. Bakhtin thinks that life is:
(a) Meaningless and futile.
(b) Organized by human acts of behavior and cognition.
(c) Inert, chaotic, and requiring the intervention of art.
(d) A sacrifice the soul makes to the body.

2. What in particular forms the basic elements of Rabelais' novel _Gargantua_?
(a) Historical allusions.
(b) Predictions of the future.
(c) Autobiographical observations of Rabelais' own life.
(d) Classical myths.

3. Which answer best describes "grotesque realism"?
(a) The writing must strive to be as mathematically or geometrically accurate as possible in its descriptions.
(b) The author's focus must be on bodily gore, blood, death, and dying.
(c) The tone of the writing is always dark, Gothic, and depressing.
(d) The bodily element is universal, celebratory, positive, and exaggerated.

4. What does Bakhtin find inadequate in Veselovsky's metaphor of Rabelais as a village boy?
(a) Veselovsky's image excludes the seriousness of the boy as a budding scholar.
(b) Veselovsky's image is too young at heart, for Rabelais wrote only with an old, tired voice.
(c) Veselovsky's image seems too urban for Rabelais, who only wrote about the countryside.
(d) Veselovsky's image is cynical, but Rabelais actually celebrates regenerative laughter.

5. Bakhtin believes that novels are:
(a) Utterly separate from the author's own life.
(b) Random, like stream-of-consciousness.
(c) Inherently confessional.
(d) Socially charged and polemical.