1. How did Rabelais obtain the material for his writings?
(a) By interviewing thousands of market vendors.
(b) By attending many fairs and festivals and observing all the people there.
(c) By studying manuscripts for long hours in monasteries.
(d) By receiving a divine revelation.

2. What does Bakhtin find inadequate in Veselovsky's metaphor of Rabelais as a village boy?
(a) Veselovsky's image seems too urban for Rabelais, who only wrote about the countryside.
(b) Veselovsky's image is too young at heart, for Rabelais wrote only with an old, tired voice.
(c) Veselovsky's image excludes the seriousness of the boy as a budding scholar.
(d) Veselovsky's image is cynical, but Rabelais actually celebrates regenerative laughter.

3. What does Bakhtin consider the most indispensable element of folk culture?
(a) Death rituals.
(b) Marriage.
(c) Carnival.
(d) Fables.

4. According to Bakhtin's semiotic understanding, what irony is inherent within the creative power of language?
(a) Language does not actually express anything.
(b) The individual expresses him- or herself only through the words of others.
(c) No word can actually ever be defined.
(d) All languages are one.

5. Why was Rabelais linked so closely to the Lyon fairs?
(a) Rabelais was a chief organizer of these fairs.
(b) The organizers of the fairs in Lyon banned Rabelais from attending them.
(c) Lyon fairs represented one of the largest markets for publishing.
(d) Rabelais was a performing clown for several years in these fairs.