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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How old was Leonardo's father Piero when he had a baby with Leonardo's 16-year-old mother?
(a) 36.
(b) 29.
(c) 24.
(d) 19.

2. Lorenzo de' Medici, a great supporter of the arts in Florence, founded and funded Florence's first public what?
(a) Museum.
(b) Library.
(c) Art studio.
(d) Zoo.

3. Which friend of Leonardo's developed the first widely-published system for double-entry bookkeeping?
(a) Salai.
(b) Corte Vecchia.
(c) Ludovico Sforza.
(d) Luca Pacioli.

4. What term did Leonardo eventually use to describe the object he hoped would result in human flight due to the device's flapping wings?
(a) Mosca.
(b) Anatra.
(c) Uccello.
(d) Tricheco.

5. What kind of organization was the Compagnia di San Luca that Leonardo joined in 1472?
(a) A co-op.
(b) A religious organization.
(c) A painters' fraternity.
(d) A guild.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what year did Leonardo and Francesco travel to Pavia to observe and translate the manuscript of Vitruvius?

2. Much of Leonardo's thinking regarding birds was gathered into a notebook now known as the Codex on the Flight of Birds. How many folios are present within that notebook?

3. While Leonardo often drew and painted full-body male nudes, by contrast, almost all of the women he painted were what?

4. Isaacson writes that "No scientist before Leonardo had methodically shown how birds" (183) perform what action?

5. Whose death prompted Leonardo's father to bring him to Florence at twelve years old?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who was Salai and what were some of his character traits?

2. What symbolism did Leonardo see in the reeds he included in his drawing of Pleasure and Pain?

3. How did Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in 1452 affect Leonardo's life and work?

4. What were the main techniques Leonardo adopted from his mentor, Andrea del Verrocchio, that would go on to be featured prominently in all of Leonardo's later works?

5. What were the underlying reasons for Leonardo's vegetarianism?

6. What language did Leonardo decide to teach himself in the early 1490s and what was the result?

7. What are the reasons that Renaissance Italy has come to be known as "a golden age for bastards" (9)?

8. When Leonardo joined a competition of architects, what was the assigned task for the contest?

9. What was the reason that Leonardo's horse monument was never completed?

10. What plan did Leonardo have for the casting of the horse monument that no one had ever attempted before?

(see the answer keys)

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