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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Leonardo's packing list for his journey to enter the service of Cesare Borgia did NOT include which of the following items?
(a) A scalpel.
(b) A pair of compasses.
(c) A book of white paper for drawing.
(d) A sword belt.

2. While the study of anatomy was pursued primarily by artists in Florence, the study of anatomy in Milan was undertaken mostly by what group of people?
(a) Medical scholars.
(b) Doctors.
(c) Sculptors.
(d) Clerics.

3. Around the time Leonardo was working on his work entitled Salvator Mundi, he was doing optic studies that investigated how the eyes perform what action?
(a) Blink.
(b) Remain moist.
(c) Focus.
(d) Produce tears.

4. When Leonardo entered the service of Cesare Borgia at the age of 50, how old was Cesare Borgia?
(a) 35.
(b) 40.
(c) 26.
(d) 21.

5. What was Leonardo's main reason for studying anatomy?
(a) To impress his friends in the medical field.
(b) To gain admittance to medical school.
(c) To publish his discoveries.
(d) To improve his art.

Short Answer Questions

1. When Leonardo went to Venice in 1500 in order to offer military advice to defend against a threatened invasion, which country was threatening to invade Venice?

2. The first version of Leonardo's painting Virgin of the Rocks was completed in what year?

3. The Marquess of Mantua, Francesco Gonzaga, was taken hostage for three years in what location?

4. Around the time Leonardo began his most famous lost painting, he also undertook what life change?

5. From whom did Isabella borrow a portrait by Leonardo so that she could decide which artist should paint her portrait?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the cause of Friar Savonarola's death and when did it occur?

2. When Leonardo returned to Florence in 1500, how had Florence changed in the time he had been away?

3. What was the significance of Leonardo's depiction of the human frontal sinus?

4. What reasons did Leonardo have for always wanting to portray portrait subjects facing the viewer or in three-quarters view, contrary to the customary profile pose?

5. When Leonardo moved to Milan in 1482, what did he discover about the study of anatomy in that location?

6. While Leonardo came to the court of Ludovico Sforza hoping to work primarily as a military and civil engineer, what was the nature of most of the work he completed in the decade he was in service to Ludovico Sforza?

7. In one of Leonardo's notebooks, he professed his intention to understand what he called universale misura del huomo. What did Leonardo mean by this?

8. What reason did Leonardo write in his notebook for his decision not to publicize his findings about how to remain underwater for a long time?

9. What does Walter Isaacson point to in Leonardo's creation of the painting Virgin of the Rocks that he says illustrates Leonardo's insistence on realism in his art?

10. What types of commissions did Leonardo refuse to accept?

(see the answer keys)

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