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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In what year did the friar Savonarola depose the Medici family and institute a fundamentalist regime in Florence?
(a) 1503.
(b) 1452.
(c) 1494.
(d) 1463.

2. When Leonardo entered the service of Cesare Borgia at the age of 50, how old was Cesare Borgia?
(a) 21.
(b) 40.
(c) 26.
(d) 35.

3. What are diabase?
(a) Intrusive igneous rocks.
(b) River curves.
(c) Sedimentary rocks.
(d) Metamorphic rocks.

4. The fashions worn by the subject of Lady with an Ermine became fashionable in Milan in 1489 when Gian Galeazzo Sforza was married to whom?
(a) Isabella of Aragon.
(b) The Duchess of Cypress.
(c) Catherine of Aragon.
(d) Lucrezia Borgia.

5. The most basic anatomical knowledge for a painter is the study of what?
(a) Ligaments.
(b) Bones.
(c) Tendons.
(d) Muscles.

Short Answer Questions

1. Leonardo wrote that what type of light is best for a portrait?

2. During his prolonged study of optics, Leonardo dissected the eyes of humans and what other animal?

3. How tall was Michelangelo's statue David?

4. Leonardo's initial anatomy studies of 1489 focused on what part of the body?

5. In what year did Savonarola lead what became known as the Bonfire of the Vanities?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the cause of Friar Savonarola's death and when did it occur?

2. When Leonardo returned to Florence in 1500, how had Florence changed in the time he had been away?

3. What was the significance of Leonardo's depiction of the human frontal sinus?

4. In one of Leonardo's notebooks, he professed his intention to understand what he called universale misura del huomo. What did Leonardo mean by this?

5. What are the two possibilities concerning the angel's identity within the painting Virgin of the Rocks?

6. What evidence does Walter Isaacson provide for his claim that much of Leonardo's thinking was collegial?

7. For how long did Leonardo live in Florence upon his return there in 1500 and where did he live?

8. What was the event known as the Bonfire of the Vanities?

9. How did Leonardo use his knowledge of geology to inform his painting of Virgin of the Rocks?

10. While Leonardo came to the court of Ludovico Sforza hoping to work primarily as a military and civil engineer, what was the nature of most of the work he completed in the decade he was in service to Ludovico Sforza?

(see the answer keys)

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