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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In what year did Savonarola lead what became known as the Bonfire of the Vanities?
(a) 1497.
(b) 1487.
(c) 1517.
(d) 1477.

2. From whom did Isabella borrow a portrait by Leonardo so that she could decide which artist should paint her portrait?
(a) Salai.
(b) Ludovico Borgia.
(c) Lucrezia Borgia.
(d) Cecilia Gallerina.

3. How many illegitimate children did Pope Alexander VI have?
(a) Ten.
(b) Six.
(c) Three.
(d) Two.

4. The four universal conditions of men, according to Leonardo, were mirth, weeping, fighting, and what?
(a) Labor.
(b) Melancholy.
(c) Anger.
(d) Misery.

5. The Marquess of Mantua, Francesco Gonzaga, was taken hostage for three years in what location?
(a) Venice.
(b) Rome.
(c) Milan.
(d) Florence.

Short Answer Questions

1. Around the time Leonardo began his most famous lost painting, he also undertook what life change?

2. What type of paint did Leonardo use to create the work entitled Lady with an Ermine?

3. In the world of the Renaissance, what did a white ermine represent?

4. Santissima Annunziata had a library with how many volumes of books?

5. The profile pose was the standard for portraits of what type of people during the Renaissance?

Short Essay Questions

1. What types of commissions did Leonardo refuse to accept?

2. In the mid-1490s, Leonardo put aside his work on anatomy and would not return to it for another decade. What endeavor did he begin upon dropping his anatomy studies?

3. In one of Leonardo's notebooks, he professed his intention to understand what he called universale misura del huomo. What did Leonardo mean by this?

4. Though Leonardo had completed the central part of his painting Saint Anne by 1503, he did not give it to the party who had commissioned it. What did he do with it instead?

5. When Leonardo moved to Milan in 1482, what did he discover about the study of anatomy in that location?

6. What evidence is presented that points toward Leonardo respecting and enjoying the intellectual findings of his friends and peers?

7. On whom was the painting Lady with an Ermine based?

8. While Leonardo came to the court of Ludovico Sforza hoping to work primarily as a military and civil engineer, what was the nature of most of the work he completed in the decade he was in service to Ludovico Sforza?

9. What reason did Leonardo write in his notebook for his decision not to publicize his findings about how to remain underwater for a long time?

10. What is the significance of the inventory Leonardo made of a trunk of clothing sometime between 1500 and 1506?

(see the answer keys)

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