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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Pope Alexander VI was the first pope to perform what action?
(a) Divorce his wife.
(b) Get married.
(c) Recognize openly his illegitimate children.
(d) Excommunicate a heretic.

2. What was the man's name who became Pope Alexander VI?
(a) Rodrigo Borgia.
(b) Cesare Borgia.
(c) Michelangelo.
(d) Ludovico Sforza.

3. When Leonardo first came to Milan in 1482, he had hopes of working primarily as a what?
(a) A court physician.
(b) A portraitist.
(c) An engineer.
(d) A producer of theater productions.

4. Leonardo's first version of the painting Virgin of the Rocks is housed in what museum?
(a) Musée des Troupes de Montagne.
(b) The Louvre.
(c) Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'Archéologie.
(d) The Smithsonian.

5. According to Walter Isaacson, what was the paramount theme in Leonardo's art?
(a) The contrast between love and hate.
(b) Familial connections.
(c) Religious zeal.
(d) The spiritual connection between the earth and humans.

Short Answer Questions

1. Leonardo insisted that all boundaries within both art and nature were what?

2. When Leonardo entered the service of Cesare Borgia at the age of 50, how old was Cesare Borgia?

3. Leonardo wrote that "Painting is based on perspective and perspective is nothing else than the thorough knowledge of the function of the" (274) what?

4. In 2009, technicians were able to use infrared imaging techniques in order to expose what hidden piece of Leonardo's first version of Virgin of the Rocks?

5. Visual perception occurs along the entire area of what part of the eye?

Short Essay Questions

1. What types of commissions did Leonardo refuse to accept?

2. When Leonardo moved to Milan in 1482, what did he discover about the study of anatomy in that location?

3. In one of Leonardo's notebooks, he professed his intention to understand what he called universale misura del huomo. What did Leonardo mean by this?

4. What are the two possibilities concerning the angel's identity within the painting Virgin of the Rocks?

5. What reason did Leonardo write in his notebook for his decision not to publicize his findings about how to remain underwater for a long time?

6. What does Walter Isaacson point to in Leonardo's creation of the painting Virgin of the Rocks that he says illustrates Leonardo's insistence on realism in his art?

7. What were the two colors most favored by Leonardo in the tailoring of both his clothes and the clothes of Salai?

8. For how long did Leonardo live in Florence upon his return there in 1500 and where did he live?

9. What novel idea did Leonardo come up with for protecting a port, an idea which he never brought to fruition?

10. What evidence is presented that points toward Leonardo respecting and enjoying the intellectual findings of his friends and peers?

(see the answer keys)

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