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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Whose work on shadows did Leonardo study?
(a) Aristotle.
(b) Plato.
(c) Archimedes.
(d) Sisyphus.

2. The Marquess of Mantua, Francesco Gonzaga, was taken hostage for three years in what location?
(a) Florence.
(b) Rome.
(c) Venice.
(d) Milan.

3. From what age had Isabella been betrothed to Francesco Gonzaga, the Marquess of Mantua, when they married?
(a) Six.
(b) Three.
(c) Eleven.
(d) Thirteen.

4. What is the primary characteristic of Leonardo's angel in the painting Virgin of the Rocks that causes it to be much discussed by scholars?
(a) Asexuality.
(b) Masculinity.
(c) Androgyny.
(d) Youth.

5. Leonardo wrote that "Painting is based on perspective and perspective is nothing else than the thorough knowledge of the function of the" (274) what?
(a) The eye.
(b) The world.
(c) The divine.
(d) The universe.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was the subject of the portrait entitled Lady with an Ermine?

2. Leonardo's Vitruvian Man was the product of his visit to the university in which Italian city?

3. The center of medical research in Milan during the Renaissance was what university?

4. According to Walter Isaacson, what was the paramount theme in Leonardo's art?

5. During Savonarola's rule of Florence, a militia of what was organized to police the streets and to enforce moral righteousness?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are the two possibilities concerning the angel's identity within the painting Virgin of the Rocks?

2. What were the two colors most favored by Leonardo in the tailoring of both his clothes and the clothes of Salai?

3. When Leonardo moved to Milan in 1482, what did he discover about the study of anatomy in that location?

4. On whom was the painting Lady with an Ermine based?

5. When Leonardo returned to Florence in 1500, how had Florence changed in the time he had been away?

6. What is the significance of the inventory Leonardo made of a trunk of clothing sometime between 1500 and 1506?

7. What was the cause of Friar Savonarola's death and when did it occur?

8. What evidence does Walter Isaacson provide for his claim that much of Leonardo's thinking was collegial?

9. In one of Leonardo's notebooks, he professed his intention to understand what he called universale misura del huomo. What did Leonardo mean by this?

10. What was the event known as the Bonfire of the Vanities?

(see the answer keys)

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