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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. While the study of anatomy was pursued primarily by artists in Florence, the study of anatomy in Milan was undertaken mostly by what group of people?
(a) Sculptors.
(b) Medical scholars.
(c) Clerics.
(d) Doctors.

2. When Leonardo went to Venice in 1500 in order to offer military advice to defend against a threatened invasion, which country was threatening to invade Venice?
(a) France.
(b) Turkey.
(c) Austria.
(d) Egypt.

3. How tall was Michelangelo's statue David?
(a) 17 feet.
(b) 12 feet.
(c) 45 feet.
(d) 10 feet.

4. Leonardo insisted that all boundaries within both art and nature were what?
(a) Blurred.
(b) Invisible.
(c) Distinct.
(d) Impossible.

5. During Savonarola's rule of Florence, a militia of what was organized to police the streets and to enforce moral righteousness?
(a) Monks.
(b) Flagellants.
(c) Young boys.
(d) Clerics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many illegitimate children did Pope Alexander VI have?

2. Leonardo's initial anatomy studies of 1489 focused on what part of the body?

3. During his prolonged study of optics, Leonardo dissected the eyes of humans and what other animal?

4. Visual perception occurs along the entire area of what part of the eye?

5. The parts of a scene that get the most direct light have the greatest saturation of what?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the event known as the Bonfire of the Vanities?

2. What reasons did Leonardo have for always wanting to portray portrait subjects facing the viewer or in three-quarters view, contrary to the customary profile pose?

3. What was the cause of Friar Savonarola's death and when did it occur?

4. Though Leonardo had completed the central part of his painting Saint Anne by 1503, he did not give it to the party who had commissioned it. What did he do with it instead?

5. While Leonardo came to the court of Ludovico Sforza hoping to work primarily as a military and civil engineer, what was the nature of most of the work he completed in the decade he was in service to Ludovico Sforza?

6. What are the two possibilities concerning the angel's identity within the painting Virgin of the Rocks?

7. For how long did Leonardo live in Florence upon his return there in 1500 and where did he live?

8. On whom was the painting Lady with an Ermine based?

9. What signature element of Leonardo's paintings is missing from the second version of Virgin of the Rocks but is present in the first version?

10. How does Walter Isaacson link the qualities of genius and the qualities of obsession within the chapter about Leonardo's first round of anatomy studies?

(see the answer keys)

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