2. Leonardo's memory of a bird hovering above his crib when he was an infant involved what type of bird?
(a) An eagle.
(b) A bluebird.
(c) A kite.
(d) An osprey.

3. In the same year that Leonardo was born, Italy began a period of how many peaceful years without war?
(a) 30 years.
(b) 20 years.
(c) 40 years.
(d) 90 years.

4. Walter Isaacson states that Leonardo's Vitruvian Man perfectly symbolizes the ideal of what?
(a) Humanism.
(b) Individuality.
(c) Science.
(d) Aesthetic beauty.

5. Tempera paints were used by artists in Italy prior to the arrival of oil painting. Oil painting came to Italy from what country?
(a) Germany.
(b) Belgium.
(c) Switzerland.
(d) The Netherlands.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the term for the technique that uses contrasts of light and shadow in order to achieve the appearance of three dimensions in a two-dimensional work?

2. What kind of organization was the Compagnia di San Luca that Leonardo joined in 1472?

3. The drawing entitled Head of a Young Woman is an "exquisite example of Leonardo's use of" what "to create shadows and texture"? (234)

4. Leonardo wrote that what type of light is best for a portrait?

5. What was different about Leonardo's drawings of machines than those of his contemporaries?

(see the answer key)

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