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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Leonardo followed what type of restrictive diet throughout his life?
(a) Vegetarian.
(b) Pollotarian.
(c) Fruitarian.
(d) Pescatarian.

2. In what year did Johannes Gutenberg begin selling Bibles created on his newly-invented printing press?
(a) 1501.
(b) 1452.
(c) 1348.
(d) 1489.

3. In the late years of what decade did Leonardo begin to devise contraptions that would enable human flight?
(a) 1460s.
(b) 1490s.
(c) 1480s.
(d) 1500s.

4. Walter Isaacson states that Leonardo's Vitruvian Man perfectly symbolizes the ideal of what?
(a) Humanism.
(b) Science.
(c) Aesthetic beauty.
(d) Individuality.

5. Leonardo's work entitled Codex Madrid I is largely devoted to the design of what?
(a) Irrigation techniques.
(b) River diversion techniques.
(c) More efficient machinery.
(d) A perpetual motion machine.

Short Answer Questions

1. The commission of what art piece led to Leonardo's official appointment in the court of Ludovico Sforza and its accompanying salary and accommodations?

2. Which European city had the greatest percentage of literate citizens in 1472?

3. The troops of which French king marched through Italy, putting a halt to Leonardo's creation of the horse monument, since his materials were needed to construct cannon?

4. Leonardo believed that deep observation must be done in what manner?

5. Leonardo's memory of a bird hovering above his crib when he was an infant involved what type of bird?

Short Essay Questions

1. In what way did Leonardo's illegitimacy grant him certain freedoms?

2. What qualities of Leonardo's character are discussed as qualities that would have made him a misfit in any place besides Florence?

3. What were the main techniques Leonardo adopted from his mentor, Andrea del Verrocchio, that would go on to be featured prominently in all of Leonardo's later works?

4. Which branch of mathematics interested Leonardo above all others?

5. What was the reason that Leonardo's horse monument was never completed?

6. Discuss an example of Leonardo's use of analogies that led him to new scientific discoveries.

7. What major difference does the author depict when comparing and contrasting Leonardo's personality with Leon Battista Alberti's personality?

8. What language did Leonardo decide to teach himself in the early 1490s and what was the result?

9. What is chiaroscuro and how did Leonardo employ it?

10. The essayist Benedetto Dei wrote in 1972 that Florence "has all seven of the fundamental things a city requires for perfection" (26). What were the seven things he named?

(see the answer keys)

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