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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. During Savonarola's rule of Florence, a militia of what was organized to police the streets and to enforce moral righteousness?
(a) Clerics.
(b) Flagellants.
(c) Young boys.
(d) Monks.

2. Pope Alexander VI was the first pope to perform what action?
(a) Divorce his wife.
(b) Get married.
(c) Excommunicate a heretic.
(d) Recognize openly his illegitimate children.

3. Leonardo wrote that what type of light is best for a portrait?
(a) Bright.
(b) Marbled.
(c) Shadowed.
(d) Muted.

4. When Leonardo entered the service of Cesare Borgia at the age of 50, how old was Cesare Borgia?
(a) 40.
(b) 35.
(c) 26.
(d) 21.

5. Leonardo was the first person to correctly depict what aspect of the human body?
(a) The heel bone.
(b) The valves of the heart.
(c) The frontal sinus.
(d) The joints.

6. Leonardo's Vitruvian Man was the product of his visit to the university in which Italian city?
(a) Milan.
(b) Rome.
(c) Pavia.
(d) Padua.

7. The most basic anatomical knowledge for a painter is the study of what?
(a) Ligaments.
(b) Muscles.
(c) Tendons.
(d) Bones.

8. The child featured in Leonardo's work Madonna of the Yardwinder is reaching for what object?
(a) A cloud.
(b) A jewel.
(c) A cross.
(d) His mother's hair.

9. In the world of the Renaissance, what did a white ermine represent?
(a) Purity.
(b) Style.
(c) Elegance.
(d) Wrath.

10. Leonardo first tackled the complexities of depicting shadows when drawing what kinds of objects during his training in Verrocchio's art studio?
(a) Columns.
(b) Hands.
(c) Pieces of fruit.
(d) Draperies.

11. Leonardo insisted that all boundaries within both art and nature were what?
(a) Distinct.
(b) Impossible.
(c) Blurred.
(d) Invisible.

12. Who used Cesare Borgia as a model of cleverness in his work The Prince?
(a) Machiavelli.
(b) Ovid.
(c) Dante.
(d) Boccaccio.

13. What painting was named by the Louvre in 2012 as Leonardo's ultimate masterpiece?
(a) Vitruvian Man.
(b) Virgin and Child with Saint Anne.
(c) The Mona Lisa.
(d) Virgin of the Rocks.

14. What is the primary characteristic of Leonardo's angel in the painting Virgin of the Rocks that causes it to be much discussed by scholars?
(a) Asexuality.
(b) Youth.
(c) Androgyny.
(d) Masculinity.

15. Leonardo wrote that "Painting is based on perspective and perspective is nothing else than the thorough knowledge of the function of the" (274) what?
(a) The world.
(b) The divine.
(c) The eye.
(d) The universe.

Short Answer Questions

1. In 2009, technicians were able to use infrared imaging techniques in order to expose what hidden piece of Leonardo's first version of Virgin of the Rocks?

2. Who wrote the book On Painting, which became a Bible for Leonardo?

3. Santissima Annunziata had a library with how many volumes of books?

4. How tall was Michelangelo's statue David?

5. Leonardo's first version of the painting Virgin of the Rocks is housed in what museum?

(see the answer keys)

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