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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What law helped establish the southern Italian crime syndicates?
(a) Prohibition.
(b) Anti-immigration law.
(c) Gambling restrictions.
(d) Pro-immigration law.

2. Which ethnic group got along best with the Indians?
(a) Germans.
(b) British.
(c) Celtic Irish.
(d) Scotch-Irish.

3. What industry did most German immigrants pursue?
(a) Farming.
(b) Manufacturing.
(c) Publishing.
(d) Transportation.

4. What did the term "ghetto" originally mean?
(a) A rich area of the city.
(b) A prison.
(c) An impoverished area of the city.
(d) A walled, gated Jewish community.

5. In what area did 19th century Irish consider themselves superior to Germans?
(a) Education.
(b) Americanization.
(c) Religion.
(d) Sports.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which group of Jews in New York were more established and wealthier?

2. Where did the majority of Celtic Irish congregate?

3. Why did farmers in southern Italy live on hillsides?

4. What is the largest single ethnic group in the U.S.?

5. By the end of the 19th century, who controlled 2/3 of the labor done in New York City?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why were the Jews a more diverse group than other immigrant groups?

2. What was the effect on Ireland of the international potato blight of 1845?

3. In what ways have American ethnic communities supplied leadership to their countries of origin?

4. What was a redemptioner?

5. Why has alcoholism traditionally been lower among Italians than Irish?

6. What was distinct about the Jewish community in Eastern Europe?

7. Who are the Pennsylvania Dutch?

8. What advantages did Irish have over other immigrants?

9. How were the Irish immigrants of the 19th century stereotyped?

10. What was an indentured servant?

(see the answer keys)

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