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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the occupation of the majority of Irish immigrants in the 19th century?
(a) Glass blowing.
(b) Unskilled labor.
(c) Farming.
(d) Manufacturing.

2. The highest fertility rates are found in groups with the ________________ incomes.
(a) Fastest-growing.
(b) Highest.
(c) Lowest.
(d) Most stable.

3. Which ethnic group got along best with the Indians?
(a) Germans.
(b) Celtic Irish.
(c) British.
(d) Scotch-Irish.

4. What kinds of skills did the Irish develop under an enemy government?
(a) Self-improvement.
(b) Guerilla warfare.
(c) Organizing and circumventing government.
(d) Spying.

5. What percentage of Italian immigrants were agricultural laborers?
(a) 97%
(b) 50%
(c) 77%.
(d) 25%.

Short Answer Questions

1. What caused repeated conflicts between the Scotch-Irish and the Celtic Irish immigrants who arrived later?

2. Where did most American Jews originate?

3. What percentage of immigrants from southern Italy returned home?

4. What was a "redemptioner"?

5. Discrimination against Irish workers was exemplified in the phrase, "No Irish need ____________."

Short Essay Questions

1. How had the Jews historically been treated in Europe?

2. How were the German immigrants characterized?

3. Why did the Jews in various countries not fight back against discrimination?

4. What was the effect of the Irish rebellion of 1641?

5. How did the geography of Italy contribute to the fragmentation of its people?

6. What Jewish patterns in Europe became important to their success in America?

7. Why is it misleading to think of minority groups as falling below national socioeconomic averages?

8. How does the average age of an ethnic group affect its socioeconomic status?

9. What was an indentured servant?

10. What geographical advantages does northern Italy have over southern Italy?

(see the answer keys)

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