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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The most affluent groups have experienced ________________ discrimination.
(a) More.
(b) About the same.
(c) No.
(d) Less.

2. In what field did the Irish immigrants to America achieve their first successes?
(a) The arts.
(b) Politics.
(c) Cuisine.
(d) Science.

3. In what area did 19th century Irish consider themselves superior to Germans?
(a) Americanization.
(b) Education.
(c) Religion.
(d) Sports.

4. How much of the arable land in Ireland was used for growing potatoes before the famine?
(a) One-sixth.
(b) One-tenth.
(c) One-fourth.
(d) One-half.

5. What advantages did early Irish immigrants have over others?
(a) They were hard workers and used to urban life.
(b) They had business acumen and education.
(c) They spoke English and many were literate.
(d) They had skills for industrialization.

Short Answer Questions

1. By the end of the 19th century, who controlled 2/3 of the labor done in New York City?

2. How long was the voyage to America in a sailing vessel?

3. When did Italy unite under one government?

4. Before steamships, to what was sea travel for the immigrants directly tied?

5. What system did Italian immigrants use to finance business ventures?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why is it misleading to think of minority groups as falling below national socioeconomic averages?

2. What was the effect of the Irish rebellion of 1641?

3. What factors contributed to Irish immigrant workers' lack of initiative?

4. How does the average age of an ethnic group affect its socioeconomic status?

5. What is "amoral familism"?

6. What historical events contributed to the fragmentation of the Italian population?

7. Why is there no "majority" in the United States?

8. What Jewish patterns in Europe became important to their success in America?

9. What is culturally and linguistically unique about the size of the United States?

10. How had the Jews historically been treated in Europe?

(see the answer keys)

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