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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is an authoritarian character?

2. In the chapter "Freedom and Democracy," how does a person develop individuality?

3. What political ideology is a historical example of authoritarian mechanism?

4. What does Fromm believe each individual is capable of expressing, as discussed in the chapter "Freedom and Democracy"?

5. What kind of acts are "phenomena of abundance"?

Short Essay Questions

1. What two choices does a person have when confronted by isolation and fear in achieving freedom?

2. What are the consequences for the individual and society when pressure to conform exists?

3. What characteristics describe the first group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

4. How does Fromm describe sadistic people?

5. What qualities did Hitler and Nazism possess that appealed to a large population of Germans?

6. How does a democratic society put pressure on individuals to conform?

7. How does formal education limit a child's freedom?

8. Why was Nazism so appealing to the lower middle class of Germans?

9. What role does character play in the individual and society?

10. What is social character?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Evaluate Fromm's thoughts on the causes of isolation and fear. In your essay, be sure to explain the following:

1). What economic, political, and social systems create alienation and fear?

2). How does man cope with these feelings?

3). What are some of the positive and negative consequences for society when man feels frightened and alone?

4). What are some of the positive and negative consequences for man when he feels isolated and scared?

Essay Topic 2

Compare Fromm and Freud's points of view on human development. In your essay, answer the following questions:

1). How are Freud and Fromm similar in their beliefs of human development?

2). What beliefs are different between these two thinkers?

3). Describe Fromm's analysis of other academics beliefs, including the Marxist historians and "idealists" like Weber.

Essay Topic 3

Define the political, social and economic impact capitalism had on individual freedom. In your answer, address the following historical events:

1). The Protestant Reformation-How did this religious movement bring about economic change and increased social class freedom?

2). The Renaissance-How was this movement characterized by capitalism? What impact did it have on society and the individual?

3). Post World War I Germany-how did the economic situation of inflation and depression change the political an social climate in pre-Nazi Germany?

(see the answer keys)

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