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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What academic, who Fromm disagrees with, also wrote about the social interpretation of the human development?

2. What is the term Fromm uses to describe an individual act that does not compromise one's integrity?

3. What is a mutually beneficial relationship called?

4. Who replaces the original self?

5. What does the social character influence?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why was Nazism so appealing to the lower middle class of Germans?

2. What two false theories does Fromm discount that accounted for the rise of Nazism?

3. What role does character play in the individual and society?

4. How does a democratic society put pressure on individuals to conform?

5. According to Fromm, why are "normal" people willing to conform to the ideas of an authoritarian character?

6. How does Fromm describe sadistic people?

7. How does the loss of identify affect an individual's willingness to conform, and what are the consequences for it?

8. What is authority, as defined in the chapter "Mechanisms of Escape"?

9. What are the similarities and differences between sadism and destructiveness?

10. What characteristics describe the first group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe the relationship Hitler had with the lower, middle class of Germany. In your essay, be sure to answer the following questions:

1). How was this relationship mutually beneficial to both Hitler and the lower, middle class citizens?

2). How was Hitler able to secure the support from this social class?

3). Did the lower, middle class remain loyal to Hitler and vice versa?

4). What role did the economic troubles of the lower, middle class play in their relationship with Hitler?

Essay Topic 2

How do religious, political, and social structures support and limit man's individuality and freedom? In your response, include the following information:

1). Religion during the Middle Ages to the Modern Age. Include text evidence about the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the beliefs of its leaders.

2). Fromm's thoughts about Fascism, Nazism, and democracy. Text examples should also include information about how these political ideologies influence an individual's freedom.

3). Theories about society and conformity.

Essay Topic 3

Why does Fromm use Nazism to discuss authoritarianism and automaton conformity? How does the ideology of Nazism connect with Fromm's ideas on individuality and freedom? What other authoritarian political ideology possesses similar authoritarian and conformity tendencies?

(see the answer keys)

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