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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What feelings increase when automatic behaviors, like conformity, exist?
(a) Fear and isolation.
(b) Power and greed.
(c) Freedom and integrity.
(d) Love and honesty.

2. What does Fromm cite as the psychological reason for Hitler and his followers' desire for sadomasochism?
(a) Society's need for submission.
(b) Man's desire for power.
(c) Increased social freedom.
(d) The isolation of man.

3. What is the term Fromm uses to describe an individual act that does not compromise one's integrity?
(a) Positive individuality.
(b) Negative freedom.
(c) Positive freedom.
(d) Positive acts.

4. What does Fromm believe to be the main driving force in history?
(a) Economic equality.
(b) Economic indifference.
(c) Economic similarities.
(d) Economic difference.

5. According to Fromm, why does sadism appear natural?
(a) It is how animals survive.
(b) It emphasizes the survival of the fittest over nature and man.
(c) It emphasizes the survival of nature over man.
(d) It is not natural.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Hitler's sadistic nature lead him to desire?

2. What circumstances directly affected a person's willingness to submit to an authoritarian like Hitler?

3. Prior to World War I, who was the lower, middle class obedient to?

4. What German social class both submitted to Hitler and fully adopted his Nazi ideology?

5. What did the lower, middle class of Nazi Germany do for a living?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Fromm describe masochistic people?

2. What is true freedom and what do Fromm's critics fear it can lead to?

3. How is an individual's character structure affected by economic and political changes?

4. How does formal education limit a child's freedom?

5. What two choices does a person have when confronted by isolation and fear in achieving freedom?

6. What were the economic, social, and political conditions like in Germany prior to Hitler's rise to power?

7. What is the social function of education?

8. Why was Nazism so appealing to the lower middle class of Germans?

9. What characteristics describe the first group of Germans who supported the Nazis?

10. What was life like for the lower, middle class following World War I? How did these conditions impact impacted their submission to Nazism?

(see the answer keys)

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