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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What assumptions about man are made that lead people to fear chaos if he acts only in accordance with himself?
(a) People assume man is bad and will act destructively.
(b) People assume man will make the best decisions, all the time.
(c) People assume man needs more freedom.
(d) People assume man will follow others.

2. What German social class both submitted to Hitler and fully adopted his Nazi ideology?
(a) Nobility.
(b) Upper class.
(c) Lower, middle class.
(d) Upper, middle class.

3. Why did the Nazi regime appear to be stable?
(a) Hitler was no longer in power.
(b) The population had trouble being submissive.
(c) The population seemed to have its needs met.
(d) The citizens were in revolt.

4. What social structure does Fromm suggest should be part of the psychological aspect of society?
(a) Education.
(b) Economy.
(c) Family.
(d) Society.

5. What is automaton conformity?
(a) The practice of conforming to a hero.
(b) The practice of individuals becoming like everyone else.
(c) The practice of ignoring society.
(d) Conforming only to one's self.

Short Answer Questions

1. What happens when the political restraints that an individual has come to rely on are removed?

2. What forces in a capitalistic society isolate people?

3. What do masochists receive from their submissive acts?

4. According to Fromm, why does sadism appear natural?

5. What political belief aligns with Fromm's definition of freedom?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the relationship between sadism and masochism? How does the relationship affect authoritarian characters?

2. What are the similarities and differences between sadism and destructiveness?

3. What qualities did Hitler and Nazism possess that appealed to a large population of Germans?

4. What is the social function of education?

5. What role does the family have in developing the character structure of an individual?

6. What two false theories does Fromm discount that accounted for the rise of Nazism?

7. What traits of an authoritarian character did Hitler possess?

8. How does social character affect different groups?

9. What is social character?

10. What is true freedom and what do Fromm's critics fear it can lead to?

(see the answer keys)

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