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bad   Timeline of Events 1780: American mechanics in the Northeast begin to apply principles learned from the English Industrial Revolution in their innovations on tools and machines. 1781: Oliver Evans invents machines to replace human labor in ... Study Pack: 78 Summaries About 0 pages (0 words) in 78 products

Factory   The First Factories Factories are buildings or sets of buildings in which manufactured goods are made from raw materials on a large scale. Work in factories is usually accomplished with laborsaving machinery operated by wage workers, or peo... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 38 pages (11,484 words) in 2 products

Gilded Age   There is an old proverb saying, "History repeats itself." This proverb has certainly proven itself true. Civilizations predictably collapse within 300 to 900 years after their inception, proven by countless civilizations, such as the Roman,... Study Pack: 2 Summaries, 3 Essays, 12 Criticisms About 339 pages (101,768 words) in 17 products

rail transport Railroads: the First Big Business An increase in railroad construction between 1860 and 1900 changed the United States, helping make it the industrial nation it is today. As the chief system of transportation of goods and people, railroads ... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 0 pages (0 words) in 1 product

Urbanization   Urbanisation is the process which has led to an increasing proportion of a country's population living within urban areas. It is impossible to say exactly when the process began, but in Britain it was around the time of the industrial revol... Study Pack: 5 Summaries, 1 Essay About 65 pages (19,445 words) in 6 products

Caroline Webster Schermerhorn Astor   Carolyn Webster Schermerhorn Astor Born September 22, 1830 (New York, New York) Died October 30, 1908 (New York, New York) Socialite Prior to the Gilded Age, the era of industrialization from the early 1860s to the turn of the century in wh... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 16 pages (4,655 words) in 2 products

Eugene V. Debs   Eugene Victor Debs (1855-1926), a leading American union organizer and, after 1896, a prominent Socialist, ran five times as the Socialist party nominee for president. Eugene V. Debs was born on Nov. 5, 1855, in Terre Haute, Ind., where hi... Study Pack: 2 Biographies, 3 Summaries, 1 Quotes About 79 pages (23,826 words) in 6 products

Julia Lathrop   Julia C. Lathrop Born June 29, 1858 (Rockford, Illinois) Died April 15, 1932 (Rockford, Illinois) Social worker Julia Clifford Lathrop was an active member of Hull House, the settlement house founded in Chicago, Illinois, by Jane Addams (18... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 9 pages (2,568 words) in 2 products

J. P. Morgan   John Pierpont Morgan (1837-1913), the most powerful American banker of his time, helped build a credit bridge between Europe and America and financially rescued the United States government twice. On April 17, 1837, J. P. Morgan was born i... Study Pack: 2 Biographies, 2 Summaries, 1 Quotes About 48 pages (14,258 words) in 5 products

George W. Murray George Washington Murray Born September 24, 1853 (Sumpter County, South Carolina) Died April 21, 1926 (Chicago, Illinois) Inventor Legislator Farmer George Washington Murray was an inventor, educator, and politician in late nineteenth-centu... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 7 pages (2,157 words) in 2 products

A. Philip Randolph   The American labor and civil rights leader A. Philip Randolph (1889-1979), considered the most prominent of all African American trade unionists, was one of the major figures in the struggle for civil rights. The son of an itinerant minist... Study Pack: 2 Biographies, 5 Summaries, 1 Quotes About 65 pages (19,603 words) in 8 products

John D. Rockefeller   John Davison Rockefeller (1839-1937), American industrialist and philanthropist, founded the Standard Oil Company, the University of Chicago, and the Rockefeller Foundation. John D. Rockefeller was born on July 8, 1839, in Richford, N.Y. H... Study Pack: 1 Biography, 2 Summaries, 1 Essay, 1 Quotes About 40 pages (12,035 words) in 5 products

Ellen Gates Starr   Ellen Gates Starr Born March 19, 1859 (Laona, Illinois) Died February 10, 1940 (Suffern, New York) Labor activist Teacher Ellen Gates Starr did not achieve the same kind of fame enjoyed by her close colleague, Jane Addams (1860 University o... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 9 pages (2,625 words) in 2 products

Ida M. Tarbell   The crusading American journalist Ida Minerva Tarbell (1857-1944) is known as the muckraker who cracked the oil trust. She was also an outstanding biographer of Abraham Lincoln. Ida Tarbell was born on Nov. 5, 1857, in Erie County, Pa., th... Study Pack: 2 Biographies, 3 Summaries About 31 pages (9,428 words) in 5 products

History of Chinese immigration to Canada   Memorial of the Chinese Six Companies National Park Service. http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_bo oks/5views/5views3.htm (accessed on July 6, 2005).... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 25 pages (7,472 words) in 2 products

How the Other Half Lives   How the Other Half Lives Excerpt from How the Other Half Lives: Studies Among the Tenements of New York By Jacob A. Riis Originally published in 1890 Reprinted in 1957 by Hill and Wang Newspaper reporter and photojournalist Jacob Riis (184... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 17 pages (4,935 words) in 2 products

The History of the Standard Oil Company   The History of Standard Oil Excerpt from The History of the Standard Oil Company By Ida M. Tarbell Published in book form in 1904 Writer and editor Ida M. Tarbell (1857-1944) was one of the first great female journalists in the United State... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 14 pages (4,076 words) in 2 products

Sweatshop   Sweatshops, you may ask yourself, what's a sweatshop? The definition I found was: "a shop employing workers at low wages, for long hours, and under poor conditions." (infoplease.com), but is more than that. Sweatshops are also kno... Study Pack: 3 Summaries, 4 Essays About 47 pages (14,045 words) in 7 products

Eight-hour day   United States 1820s-1850s The 10-Hour Movement began among skilled craftsmen in the major East Coast cities of the United States in the early 1820s. Workers' early efforts were unevenly successful in the short term and, with the ex... Study Pack: 3 Summaries About 31 pages (9,157 words) in 3 products

Activity-based costing Activity-Based Costing To support compliance with financial reporting requirements, a company 66.... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 7 pages (2,150 words) in 2 products

affirmative action Affirmative Action Affirmative action is a descriptive phrase for policies and programs designed to correct the effects of past discrimination and increase the representation of historically disadvantaged groups, including women and African... Study Pack: 2 Summaries, 1 Essay About 0 pages (0 words) in 3 products

Venture capital Angels and Venture Capitalists Small Business Finance The United States Small Business Administration (SBA) estimates that, as of 2003, there were approximately 23.7 million small businesses in the United States. The SBA defines a small bus... Study Pack: 3 Summaries About 19 pages (5,824 words) in 3 products

Artificial intelligence   A.I. is popularly known as a replicated concept of human behavior and response remapped in software. The brief technical definition of artificial intelligence is an algorithm, or a complex mathematic equation, established and translated in... Study Pack: 14 Summaries, 4 Essays About 172 pages (51,498 words) in 18 products

Pre-employment screening Assessment Centers An assessment center is a process used to make personnel decisions in which participants engage in a variety of exercises and have their performance evaluated by multiple assessors. The goal of an assessment center is to ... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 4 pages (1,117 words) in 1 product

Attribution theory   Attribution is a cognitive process that entails linking an event to its causes. Attribution is one of a variety of cognitive inferences that are included within social cognition, which is one of several theoretical models within social psy... Study Pack: 4 Summaries About 26 pages (7,791 words) in 4 products

Balance sheet   Balance Sheets The balance sheet, also known as the statement of financial position, is a snapshot of a company American Banker, 28 July 2004.... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 16 pages (4,765 words) in 2 products

Balanced scorecard   Balanced Scorecard The balanced scorecard is a performance measurement tool developed in 1992 by Harvard Business School professor Robert S. Kaplan and management consultant David P. Norton. Kaplan and Norton Strategic Finance 86, no. 5 (20... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 19 pages (5,582 words) in 2 products

Business continuity planning Business Continuity Planning Organizations are faced with a variety of threats and vulnerabilities, and these continue to evolve. Business disruptions can include natural disasters such as floods, fires, hurricanes, and power outages. Since... Study Pack: 3 Summaries About 17 pages (5,122 words) in 3 products

business process reengineering Business Process Reengineering Process reengineering is redesigning or reinventing how we perform our daily work, and it is a concept that is applicable to all industries regardless of size, type, and location. While selected elements of pr... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 0 pages (0 words) in 1 product

Company (law) Business Structure When forming a new company, one of the first critical decisions is the formal structure that business will take. Issues such as liability, ownership, operating strategy, and taxation are all impacted by the formal structu... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 4 pages (1,294 words) in 1 product

Chain of command Chain of Command Principle The chain of command, sometimes called the scaler chain, is the formal line of authority, communication, and responsibility within an organization. The chain of command is usually depicted on an organizational cha... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 4 pages (1,115 words) in 2 products

Chaos theory   CHAOS THEORY. In the Principia (1687), Isaac Newton gave an account of mechanics formulated in terms of precise equations of motion. Given the initial conditions of a system, it was possible to predict completely its future behavior and to... Study Pack: 9 Summaries, 1 Criticism About 81 pages (24,217 words) in 10 products

Sustainable competitive advantage   Competitive Advantage Many firms strive for a competitive advantage, but few truly understand what it is or how to achieve and keep it. A competitive advantage can be gained by offering the consumer a greater value than the competitors, suc... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 14 pages (4,116 words) in 2 products

competitive intelligence Competitive Intelligence Intelligence is information that has been analyzed for decision making. It is important to understand the difference between information and intelligence. Information is the starting point; it is readily available n... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 0 pages (0 words) in 1 product

Complexity theory   Complexity theory is the study of how hard problems are to solve. It allows mathematicians to classify problems in terms of how difficult they are, because some problems are intrinsically harder than others. How intrinsically difficult a p... Study Pack: 3 Summaries About 10 pages (3,082 words) in 3 products

Computer-aided design   At first a seemingly indecipherable collection of symbols, these acronyms are fairly easy to understand once one realizes that each "CA" stands for Computer-Aided (or Assisted). Thus, CAD is Computer-Aided Design; CAM stands ... Study Pack: 5 Summaries About 29 pages (8,789 words) in 5 products

Computer Integrated Manufacturing   Computerization aids in the design of products, their fabrication, and the planning of manufacturing processes. Computerization of manufacturing began with the advent of computers after World War II, mainly in military-related applications... Study Pack: 3 Summaries About 14 pages (4,084 words) in 3 products

Computer networking   Networked computing has evolved from networks connecting computers and distributed computing through thin-client network computing in the 1980s and 1990s to Internet computing today. Centralized computing--which started with mainframes at ... Study Pack: 4 Summaries About 21 pages (6,344 words) in 4 products

Computer security   The growing use of computerized records has amounted to somewhat of a dilemma in maintaining confidentiality. In hospitals, many different individuals may have access to a patient's records. For this reason, many health care providers... Study Pack: 8 Summaries, 2 Essays About 62 pages (18,726 words) in 10 products

Product Lifecycle Management#Concurrent engineering workflow Concurrent Engineering Concurrent engineering is a method by which several teams within an organization work simultaneously to develop new products and services. By engaging in multiple aspects of development concurrently, the amount of tim... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 0 pages (0 words) in 1 product

Negotiation   Negotiation is the process of two individuals or groups reaching joint agreement about differing needs or ideas. Oliver (1996) described negotiation as "negotiators jointly searching a multidimensional space and then agreeing to a s... Study Pack: 4 Summaries, 1 Quotes About 39 pages (11,590 words) in 5 products

Consultant Consulting Management consulting is generally a contract advisory service provided to organizations in order to identify management problems, analyze them, recommend solutions to these problems, and when requested, help implement the soluti... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 7 pages (2,033 words) in 2 products

Consumer behaviour   Consumer Behavior A consumer is the ultimate user of a product or service. The overall consumer market consists of all buyers of goods and services for personal or family use, more than 270 million people (including children) spending trill... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 14 pages (4,138 words) in 2 products

Continuing education   Continuing Education and Lifelong Learning Trends Continuing Education Continuing Education, professional development and lifelong learning are all terms used to describe an educational or training process that is a key component for succes... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 10 pages (3,045 words) in 2 products

kaizen Continuous Improvement Continuous improvement in a management context means a never-ending effort to expose and eliminate root causes of problems. Usually, it involves many incremental or small-step improvements rather than one overwhelming... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 0 pages (0 words) in 1 product

Corporate social responsibility   Economists say that the main goal of a business is to maximize its profits. According to the canonical view a business or a corporation has completed the task of the social responsibility with this maximization, always of course by obeying ... Study Pack: 2 Summaries, 1 Essay About 31 pages (9,192 words) in 3 products

Cost accounting   Cost Accounting Cost accounting, often referred to as managerial or management accounting, is the branch of accounting that provides economic and financial information to decision makers within a company. The idea of providing information f... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 21 pages (6,204 words) in 2 products

Customer relationship management Customer Relationship Management Customer relationship management (CRM) is a combination of organizational strategy, information systems, and technology that is focused on providing better customer service. CRM uses emerging technology that... Study Pack: 2 Summaries About 9 pages (2,600 words) in 2 products

decision making Decision Making The essence of management is making decisions. Managers are constantly required to evaluate alternatives and make decisions regarding a wide range of matters. Just as there are different managerial styles, there are differen... Study Pack: 1 Summary About 0 pages (0 words) in 1 product

Decision support system   Computer systems that provide users with support to analyze complex information and help to make decisions are called decision support systems (DSSs). In some cases, such systems may predict the impact of decisions before they are made. De... Study Pack: 4 Summaries About 30 pages (9,123 words) in 4 products