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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. To what is the pair bonding found among humans probably due?

2. What does the author say about primates with small testes?

3. What does the author think of the second criterion?

4. What is generally considered uniquely human?

5. Why do many scientists believe human infants learn language?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are pidgins or creoles?

2. What does the author say about death?

3. What does Charles Darwin realize about some traits possessed by many organisms?

4. How is the third criterion not uniquely human?

5. What are other traits are highly correlated to sexual attractiveness?

6. How are females nearly unique among animals in menopause?

7. How does the author conclude this chapter?

8. What traits are extremely highly correlated to sexual attractiveness?

9. What is known about animal vocalizations?

10. What does the author suggest about humans and chimpanzees?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The author attempts to establish that humans and chimps are biologically and genetically closely related.

Part 1) How does he go about this? Is his research valid? Why or why not?

Part 2) Why might his research be disputed? Why might others have a difficult time accepting that humans are closely related to chimps?

Part 3) If it is universally accepted that humans and chimps are closely related, how should chimps be treated? Should they be treated as other animals or in a more "human" way? Why?

Essay Topic 2

One chapter is devoted to the peoples, languages, and cultures of New Guinea.

Part 1) Describe New Guinea and its culture. Why is there an entire chapter devoted to New Guinea?

Part 2) What can scientists learn about humans, in general, by studying the peoples, languages, and cultures of New Guinea?

Part 3) What aspects of New Guinea life and culture is unusual and vastly different from many other cultures around the world? How does this affect the use of the study of New Guinea as a study of humanity as a whole?

Essay Topic 3

The author investigates rudimentary human languages such as pidgins and creoles.

Part 1) What are pidgins and creoles? How do they differ from other languages?

Part 2) What is the purpose of pidgins and creoles? Why has the author decided to discuss them?

Part 3) How do pidgins and creoles help support the author's view about the gap that exists between human language and animal vocalizations?

(see the answer keys)

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