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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does the author note about studies done on woodpeckers?
(a) Woodpecker traits are only found in other bird species.
(b) Woodpecker traits are found only slightly in other bird species and yet all of the traits necessary to be a woodpecker have come together only once during evolution.
(c) Woodpecker traits are found plentifully in other bird species and yet all of the traits necessary to be a woodpecker have come together only once during evolution.
(d) Woodpecker traits are found plentifully in other bird species and most of the traits necessary to be a woodpecker have come together only once during evolution

2. What took place during this same time?
(a) 73 percent of North American and and 80 percent of South American large animals went extinct.
(b) 67 percent of North American and and 50 percent of South American large animals went extinct.
(c) 10 percent of North American and and 100 percent of South American large animals went extinct.
(d) 16 percent of North American and and 20 percent of South American large animals went extinct.

3. What countries all have actively spread their languages over the world?
(a) Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, Nepal, and Jordan.
(b) Sweden, Norway, Finland, and the Netherlands.
(c) China, Japan, India, Cambodia, and Thailand.
(d) England, Spain, Portugal, France, and Russia.

4. One percent of North American birds have become extinct since what year?
(a) 1700.
(b) 1800.
(c) 1600.
(d) 1500.

5. Several languages are all derived from a common root language, which is generally referred to as what?
(a) PI.
(b) PA.
(c) PIE.
(d) PE.

6. What languages dominate the world?
(a) Indonesian derived languages.
(b) Indo-European derived languages.
(c) Asian derived languages.
(d) European derived languages.

7. What is the result of this evidence?
(a) Several "words" which are considered likely to be very similar to the original language.
(b) Several thousand "words" which are considered likely to be very similar to the original language.
(c) Several hundred "words" which are considered likely to be very similar to the original language.
(d) Several dozen "words" which are considered likely to be very similar to the original language.

8. How do many imagine that humans lived during certain periods of time?
(a) They were less in tune with nature but behaved with high moral and ethical standards.
(b) They were less in tune with nature and behaved with low moral and ethical standards.
(c) They were more in tune with nature and behaved with low moral but ethical standards.
(d) They were more in tune with nature and behaved with high moral and ethical standards.

9. How is this possible that these people could achieve all of this?
(a) They were powerful.
(b) They were very intelligent.
(c) The animals were very weak.
(d) They could easily reproduce and travel.

10. By what are first contacts usually characterized?
(a) Large meals.
(b) Uncertainty and friendship.
(c) Violence and misunderstanding.
(d) Dryness and irritation.

11. What kept this group of people isolated for so long?
(a) They were the only people in New Guinea.
(b) Inaccessible terrain and topography of the Canary Islands.
(c) They were the only people in the Canary Islands.
(d) Inaccessible terrain and topography of New Guinea.

12. Within about 1,000 years what had these people done?
(a) Colonized North and South America.
(b) Gone extinct.
(c) Travelled to Central America.
(d) Arrived in North America.

13. Does the epilogue offer a particularly hopeful look toward the future?
(a) No.
(b) Yes.
(c) Only for powerful nations.
(d) In some parts of the world.

14. What are these risks?
(a) Nuclear holocaust.
(b) Nuclear holocaus, environmental holocaust, and planetary holocaust.
(c) Nuclear holocaust and environmental holocaust.
(d) Nuclear holocaust, environmental holocaust, personal holocaust, and planetary holocaust.

15. What percentage of extinctions does archaeological evidence suggest is the responsibility of pre-historic humans?
(a) 50 percent.
(b) 8 percent.
(c) 10 percent.
(d) 80 percent.

Short Answer Questions

1. What do the Green Bank estimates indicate?

2. What did European settlers find when they first arrived in Tasmania?

3. What did European animals include?

4. What is a prevalent habit among modern peoples of all time?

5. In nearly every historic case, what happened to the native people following first contact?

(see the answer keys)

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