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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. About 200,000 years ago, H. sapiens appears to have diverged into two distinct lineages usually known as what?
(a) Neanderthals.
(b) Homo erectus.
(c) Cro-Magnon man.
(d) Homo sapiens.

2. What did Charles Darwin realize about many organisms' traits?
(a) They sometimes have survival benefits.
(b) They do not appear to give any survival benefit, and some are adverse to survival.
(c) They often have survival benefits.
(d) They always have survival benefits.

3. Why were many of these scientific studies about extra-marital sexual unions never published?
(a) Because they were inconclusive.
(b) Because their conclusions were deemed too inflammatory.
(c) Because they were incomplete.
(d) Because they were incorrect.

4. Why does a parallel process not exist for men?
(a) Reproduction is not as important to men.
(b) Reproduction is not dangerous for men.
(c) Being able to constantly reproduce is important for males.
(d) Reproduction is a duty for men.

5. What does the author conclude about a species' long-term survival probability?
(a) Longer-lived species put more energy into self-repair and less energy into reproduction over a given time period, thus optimizing their long-term survival probability.
(b) Shorter-lived species put more energy into self-repair and less energy into reproduction over a given time period, thus optimizing their long-term survival probability.
(c) Longer-lived species put less energy into self-repair and more energy into reproduction over a given time period, thus optimizing their long-term survival probability.
(d) Shorter-lived species put more energy into self-repair and reproduction over a given time period, thus optimizing their long-term survival probability.

Short Answer Questions

1. Do non-human primates demonstrate any predilection to agricultural practices?

2. Is the third art criterion uniquely human?

3. When do chimpanzees diverge from pygmy chimpanzees?

4. What is a fundamental aspect of humanity and in general is easy to determine even by non-experts?

5. What primates are monogamous and solitary?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is known about animal vocalizations?

2. What does Charles Darwin realize about some traits possessed by many organisms?

3. Describe both Neanderthals.

4. What is unusual about human sexuality?

5. When do various primates break off from the remaining higher primates?

6. What does the author say about the first proto-human hominids?

7. What is evident about the human race?

8. What is the conventional wisdom regarding pre-agricultural hunter-gatherer societies? Is this correct?

9. By what is the author's biological viewpoint complicated?

10. What is the significance of human language?

(see the answer keys)

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