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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. At the time the author wrote Chapter 5, what was the current theory for the end-Ordovician extinction?

2. When did Europeans begin making regular voyages to Newfoundland?

3. When were the golden-frogs in Sante Fe, effectively wiped out?

4. What was Zalasiewicz's speciality?

5. How many illustrations of species were in "Graptolites in British Stratigraphy"?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did Luis Alvarez believe that iridium would help to clock the clay at Gubbio?

2. Where was the El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center located and what does it look like?

3. How did the creatures collected by Hall-Spencer and Buia reveal the destructive effect of the volcanic vents?

4. What did the author see as she swam toward volcanic vents off Castello Aragonese?

5. What did Cuvier do at the Paris Museum of Natural History?

6. How difficult was it to find graptolites at Dob's Linn?

7. What was the Gola del Botttaccione?

8. What is the purpose and design of the Icelandic Institute of Natural History?

9. How did Hall-Spencer work until he was able to get funding for his research?

10. Where had Bd spread?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

A new name was proposed for the epoch of humans. What was the new name proposed and why was it more appropriate than other names that were considered?

Essay Topic 2

Scientists speculate about the future of the earth and humans and a Sixth Extinction. Was a Sixth Extinction inevitable or were there ways that a Sixth Extinction could be averted?

Essay Topic 3

Some scientists believe coral reefs may become extinct. What factors are threatening coral reefs and why might they not survive? Can anything be done to improve the chances of coral reefs surviving?

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