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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When did Crutzen publish "Geology of Mankind"?
(a) 1999.
(b) 2004.
(c) 2002.
(d) 1998.

2. According to Paul Crutzen, how much of the earth had been transformed by human activity?
(a) Between 1/3 and 1/2.
(b) 3/4.
(c) 1/2.
(d) About 1/4 to 1/3.

3. Of the fossils collected by Kolbert at Dob's Linn, what letter did many of them resemble?
(a) L.
(b) M.
(c) V.
(d) T.

4. Where was Dob's Linn located?
(a) Northern Britain.
(b) Ireland.
(c) Scotland.
(d) Wales.

5. Where did Charles Lyell grow up?
(a) Scotland.
(b) South of England.
(c) Ireland.
(d) North of England.

Short Answer Questions

1. Where were the paleontologists from who published a study revealing not only the major five mass extinctions, but many lesser events?

2. Where was the first clue discovered as to what was killing off frogs around the world?

3. What group did Condon and Millar, Zalasiewicz's colleagues, work for?

4. When did students begin returning from trips to Sierra Nevada empty-handed?

5. What size was a skeleton discovered west of Buenos Aires?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did the author see as she swam toward volcanic vents off Castello Aragonese?

2. How did Lyell and Darwin view extinction?

3. What were graptolites?

4. What was Castello Aragonese?

5. Where and how did extinction emerge as an idea?

6. What does the town of El Valle De Anton look like?

7. How did the creatures collected by Hall-Spencer and Buia reveal the destructive effect of the volcanic vents?

8. How did Luis Alvarez solve the debate over whether there were treasure-filled chambers inside Egypt's second-largest pyramid?

9. Why didn't Charles Lyell believe in catastrophism?

10. When and how did it appear that the American mastodon became extinct?

(see the answer keys)

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