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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The invented traditions referred to in question 17 include all of the following types except _______.

2. The Highland Society had many aims including the repeal of laws forbidding _______ in Scotland.

3. The old Welsh histories held that they were the _____ people of the British Islands.

4. The druids were originally authority figures and bards and were thought to have built _______.

5. According to the author, values and norms are established through ______ in ritual and tie back to the past.

Short Essay Questions

1. What are the three stages of the Highland tradition's creation?

2. What are two of the general values that new invented traditions tend to inculcate, according to the book?

3. What is the name of the well-written and powerful work about the Scotsmen that contains many colorful illustrations?

4. How does the author use the term 'invented tradition' in this manuscript?

5. Where were the Highland regiments fighting when they took on the wearing of the kilt?

6. What specific group of leaders began to struggle to maintain Welsh culture, according to the book?

7. What happened as a result of a loss of cultural self confidence, according to the book?

8. What is the meaning and the practice of the tradition 'eisteddfod' according to the book?

9. What does the author mean in this manuscript when he says that traditions have tacit rules?

10. What are the three aspects of invented tradition that serve to keep it in place, according to this manuscript?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

When the culture was declining in Wales, the historians looked for historical practices that might remind the modern society of their past.

Part 1: Do you think that this sort of process happens in all countries?

Part 2: Why do you think the past is so important for the modern day person to remember? What benefits does this bring?

Part 3: Do you think modern society would benefit from having more emphasis on the past practices of the common person?

Essay Topic 2

In many African areas, the traditions already in place were impacted by new traditions, giving some countries a difficult time in identifying their place.

Part 1: Why do you think African settlers needed to impose their own traditions?

Part 2: Do you think that all settlers have a right to bring their own traditions with them?

Part 3: How do you think a settler could have their own traditions and yet respect those already in place? Is this possible?

Essay Topic 3

The book also begins to point out that many traditions are used to control the people who follow them.

Part 1: Do you think traditions are meant to control people?

Part 2: Why do you think traditions might effectively control those who use them?

Part 3: How do you think a tradition can be followed without being controlling of others? Is this possible?

(see the answer keys)

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