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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The old Welsh histories followed the lives of each of the Welsh _______ and their lineage and descendants.

2. One of the societies dedicated to preserving Welsh culture was known as the Society of Sea ________.

3. The author discusses the history of the kilt, which is also known as the ________.

4. Hobsbawm asserts that the overtly or tacitly accepted rules of traditions must have a ______ nature.

5. The author suggests that all of the concepts in question 26 rest on what he calls social ________.

Short Essay Questions

1. What did the Highland Society of London have the power to repeal, according to the book?

2. Why was it surprising that the Welsh cultural life was beginning to fall apart in the eighteenth to early nineteenth century?

3. What is the meaning and the practice of the tradition 'eisteddfod' according to the book?

4. When and why did the most common symbols of the Scotsmen develop, according to the book?

5. Where can exceptions to traditions be found, though some traditions have filled in the space abandoned by secular decline?

6. What did the oldest part of the history say about the Welsh and the people of Wales?

7. What specific group of leaders began to struggle to maintain Welsh culture, according to the book?

8. What was the story that was told about the Welsh in relation to Christianity and to the pagans?

9. What did James Macpherson do in order to help invent the history of the Scottish people?

10. What does the author mean in this manuscript when he says that traditions have tacit rules?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In many African areas, the traditions already in place were impacted by new traditions, giving some countries a difficult time in identifying their place.

Part 1: Why do you think African settlers needed to impose their own traditions?

Part 2: Do you think that all settlers have a right to bring their own traditions with them?

Part 3: How do you think a settler could have their own traditions and yet respect those already in place? Is this possible?

Essay Topic 2

The concept of an invented tradition might be new to you, since this is something which is rarely discussed.

Part 1: Do you agree that some traditions are invented?

Part 2: How do you feel about the idea that some traditions that are held sacred were invented for less than positive reasons?

Part 3: Why do you think invented traditions continue to be born today?

Essay Topic 3

The contrast between custom and tradition is outlined early in the book, helping the reader understand how they are dissimilar.

Part 1: Why do you think custom and tradition are easily confused?

Part 2: What is more important to a community: customs or traditions? Why?

Part 3: Do you focus more on customs or on traditions in your daily life?

(see the answer keys)

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